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1002 TÓ-LÚCAN -- TÓ-RENDAN.
tó-lúcan; p. -leác, pl. -lucon; pp. -locen To tear to pieces, wrench asunder, dislocate. I. literal :-- Ðæs ne wéndon witan Scyldinga, ðæt hit (the hall) manna æ-acute;nig tóbrecan meahte, listum tólúcan, Beo. Th. 1566; B. 781. Forðon ðe míne innoþas on ðam fylle tólocene wæ-acute;ron eo quod interanea essent ruendo convulsa, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 31. Sint mé leoð tólocen, líc sáre gebrocen, Andr. Kmbl. 2807; An. 1406. v. tó-hlecan. II. figurative, to root out, destroy :-- Ic hæbbe ðé gesetne ofer ríce and ofer ðióda ðæt ðú hí tólúce and tóweorpe and forspilde and tóstence constitui te super gentes et super regna, ut evellas et destruas et disperdas et dissipes, Past. 58; Swt. 441, 31. [Hwil þ-bar; Marherete spec þus, me toleac hire, swa þ-bar; te reue fir þe stronge rune of þ-bar; blodi stream ne mahte for muchele grure lokin þiderweardes, Marh. 7, ii. Wá is us þ-bar; we iseoð þi softe lich toluken swa ladliche, 6, 7. &YOGH;ef mi lich is toloken, 6, 12. Heo toluken þene king, and his leomen todrowen, Laym. 2602. Wilde deor limmel toluken ham, & tolimeden eauer euch lið from þe lire, Jul. 79, 5. Ich schal leoten toluken þi flesch þe fuheles of þe lufte carries volatilibus dilacerandas reiciam, Kath. 2092. O. H. Ger. zi-lochan, -lohhan devulsus, revulsus.]
tó-lýsan, torn. v. tó-lísan, tam.
tóm; adj. Empty; figuratively, free from. Cf. leás :-- Ðæt hý móstun mánweorca tóme lifgan and tíres blæ-acute;d écne ágan (cf. the man farid imu an giwald Godes tionono tómig, Hél. 2490), Exon. Th. 74, 26; Cri. 1212. [Tome saule (animam inanem) he filled with fode, Ps. 106, 9. Yee sal find þair tumbs tome (tume), C. M. 17798; Toom or voyde vacuus, Prompt. Parv. 496; temyñ or maken empty vacua, evacuo, 488. Scott, toom, tume: Icel. tómr: Dan. tom.]
tó-mearcian; p. ode To distinguish, describe :-- Tómearcode distinxit, Ps. Spl. 105, 32. Ðæt eall ymbehwyrft wæ-acute;re tómearcod ut describeretur uniuersus orbis. Lk. Skt. 2, 1. v. next word.
tó-mearcodness, e; f. A description :-- Ðeós tómearcodnes (describtio) wæs æ-acute;ryst geworden fram ðam déman Cirino, Lk. Skt. 2, 2. v. preceding word, and tó-writenness.
tó-meldan to destroy peace by talebearing, by spreading reports :-- Ðæ-acute;r is helle grund ðam ðe sibbe ful oft tómældeþ mid his múþe (cf. Dante's Inferno, Canto 28, which describes the punishment of the sowers of scandal and schism), Exon. Th. 446, 22; Dóm. 26.
tó-middes; prep. (adv.) I. with dat. (1) marking rest, in the midst of, amidst, (a) preceding the governed word :-- Gewurðe fæstnis tómiddes ðam wæterum fiat firmamentum in media aquarum, Gen. 1, 6. Iosue hét áhebban óðre twelf stánas tómiddes ðam streáme (in medio Jordanis alveo), Jos. 4, 9. Tómiddes eów stód ðe gé ne cunnon medius uestrum stetit quem uos non scitis, Jn. Skt. i. 26. Hé stód ðæ-acute;r ána tómiddes eallum ðam folce, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 639. (b) following the governed word :-- Hé stód him tómiddes, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 617. Ðæ-acute;r ic sylf beó him tómiddes, Homl. Th. ii. 284, 19. Sticaþ him tómiddes, Salm. Kmbl. 1010; Sal. 506. Holte tómiddes, Met. 13, 37: Cd. Th. 21, 15; Gen. 324. (2) marking motion, into the midst of :-- Hwænne ðú miht to ðam folce becuman mid ealre ðínre fare tómiddes Hierusalem, Homl. Ass. 110, 259. Hine ðanon ealle átugan tómiddes ðære cýpinge, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 609. II. with gen. (here, perhaps, middes should rather be taken as noun governing the following word in the genitive). (1) marking rest, in the midst of, in the middle of :-- Ðá fundon hié hiene tómiddes ðara wietena ... ðá wæs hé gemét sittende tómiddes ðara láreówa invenerunt illum sedentem in medio doctorum ... in medio doctorum sedens invenitur, Past. 49; Swt. 385, 21-25. Ic sette míne hálgan stówe tómiddes eówre (in medio vestri), Lev. 26, 11. Tómiddes hyra in medio, Jn. Skt. 8, 3. Ðæ-acute;r ic beó tómiddes heora, L. E. I. 7; Th. ii. 406, 27. (2) marking movement, into the midst of :-- Ðá hé hiene tómiddes ðæs wéstennes hæfde gelæ-acute;dd in deserta perductus, Ors. 6, 31; Swt. 286, 17. III. as adverb :-- Hé áhte geweald ealles ðæs splottes ðár ðæt scræf wæs tómiddes, Homl. Skt. i. 23, 416. Sete on feówer healfe ðæs ceápes, and án tómiddes, Lchdm. iii. 56, 9. Álegdon ðá tómiddes mæ-acute;rne þeóden, Beo. Th. 6273; B. 3141.
tó-nama, an; m. A surname, cognomen :-- His tónama wæs Cambises gecweden, Homl. Ass. 103, 25. 'Huætd ðé tónoma (or tó noma (dat.)?; Rush. has noma) is?' And cuoeð tó him: 'Here tónoma mé is' quod tibi nomen este? Et dicit ei: 'Legio nomen mihi est,' Mk. Skt. Lind. 5, 9. [Ðes wimman hadde on toname Magdalene, O. E. Homl. ii. 143, 13. Nu þu iherest of wuche gomen aras þer þe tonome ... tonome ariseð ofte of lutle þing þe long ilasted, Laym. 9383. God gyueth the riche fowl towname (v. Lk. 12, 20-21), Piers P. C-text 13, 211. Ger. zu-name. Cf. Dan. til-navn.] v. next word.
tó-namian; p. ode To surname [ :-- Simon ðone getónomade (getornomade, MS.) stán Simonem quem cognominauit Petrum, Lk. Skt. Lind. 6, 14]. v. preceding word.
tó-nemnan; p. -nemde To name separately, distinguish by name into parts :-- Hié ða þrió dæ-acute;las on þreó tónemdon, Asiam, Europem, and Affricam they distinguished the three parts by the three names, Asia, Europe, and Africa, Ors. 1, 1; Swt. 8, 4. Norþ óþ ðone gársecg is eall Sciþþia lond binnan, þéh mon tónemne on twá and on þrítig þeóda north up to the ocean is all Scythia, though it is divided into thirty-two nations, each having its own name, Swt. 14, 22. Swá þeáh is tó geþencenne ðæt ða fíf þing þeáh hí tónemde sién mid wordum ðæt hit is eall án þing ðonne hí gegaderode beóþ atqui necessarium est confiteri nomina quidem esse diversa, nullo vero modo discrepare substantiam, Bt. 33, 1; Fox 122, 11.
tonian; p. ode To thunder :-- Ic tonige tono, Ælfc. Gr. 24; Zup. 138, 3. [From Latin.]
tó-niman; p. -nam, pl. -námon; pp. -numen. I. to take to pieces, divide :-- Hæfde se cyning his fierd on tú tónumen, Chr. 894; Erl. 90, 17. II. to take away, cf. æt-beran :-- Tollite portas, principes ... Ðæt byþ on Englisc: Gé ealdras, tónymaþ ða gatu, Nicod. 27; Thw. 15, 8.
tonwinto? The word occurs as a gloss to adlido, Txts. 39, 79.
topp, es; m. I. a top, summit :-- Helmes top apex, summitas galeae, Wrt. Voc. i. 36, II. a lock of hair, tuft; and fig. a collection of rays of light (?), as in the tail of a comet :-- Se bróðor geseah eall ðæt hús mid heofonlícre bryhto geondgoten, and hé ðæ-acute;r geseah fýrenne topp (a stream of light (?); cf. Cometa ... men cweþaþ on Englisc, ðæt hit sié feaxede steorra, for ðæm ðæ-acute;r stent lang leóma of, Chr. 891; Erl. 88, 19. But, perhaps, torr should be read, as the Latin has turrim; and the metrical version of the passage uses that word :-- Heofonlíc leóma from foldan up swylce fýren tor ryht áræ-acute;red. Exon. Th. 180, 26; Gú. 1285) up of ðære eorþan tó heofones heánnysse, Guthl. 20; Gdwin. 88, 11. III. a top to play with (?) :-- Mid gelæ-acute;redre handa hé swang ðone top mid micelre swiftnysse (the passage is obscure, and perhaps the Latin original has been mistranslated. Thorpe, p. 41, note, cites two Latin versions, one of which has 'accepto ceromate, cum docta manu circumlavit ei cum subtilitate'; the other 'accepto cyramoco, docta manu circulavit eum': in each case the rubbing after the bath seems to be meant. But swingan (q.v.) elsewhere seems always used with the sense of striking, and hardly fits in with the meaning of the Latin), Ap. Th. 13, 13. [In later English the word seems mostly used of the hair at the top of the head, or of that which has a similarity with it, e.g. the leafy top of a tree :-- Bi þone toppe (coppe, 2nd MS.) he hine nom, Laym. 684. Hongin bi þe toppe (teon bi þe top up, Bodl. MS.), Jul. 28, 6: Piers P. 3, 139. Top ouer tail, Will. 2776. En vostre chef vus avet toup (a top of heer). Wrt. Voc. i. 144, 21 (13th cent.). Ne rohte he þe&yogh; flockes were Imeind bi toppes and bi here, O. and N. 428. His heer was by his eres ful round ishorn. His top was docked lyk a priest biforn, Chauc. Prol. 590. Top or fortop, top of the hed aqualium, Prompt. Parv. 496. Up to þe toppe from þe more, O. and N. 1422: 1328. A top of flax du lyn le toup. Wrt. Voc. i. 144, 27. The word is used also of other things :-- Teon seiles to toppa, Laym. 1339. Top or cop of an hey thynge cacumen, top of a maste carchesia, Prompt. Parv. 496. It is found, too, as the name of a plaything :-- En la rue vus juvetz a toup (a top of tre), Wrt. Voc. i. 144, 25. Top of chylderys pley trochus, Prompt. Parv. 496. Sweype for a top flagellum, 482. O. Frs. top a lock, tuft of hair: Du. top top, summit: O. H. Ger. zopfe; pl. cicinni, anciae: Ger. zopf: Icel. toppr a tuft or lock of hair; a top of a mast: Dan. top a top, summit; a tuft, crest; a top to play with: Swed. topp a top, summit. The word was taken from the Teutonic into the Romance languages.]
tor a tower; a rock. v. torr.
tór; adj. Difficult, hard. v. tór-begete, -cirre [& tat iss harrd & strang & tor and hefi&yogh; lif to ledenn, Orm. 6350. Erueð (tor, MS. T.) for te paien, A. R. 108, 9. An honful &yogh;erden beoð erueð for te breken (arn tor to breken, MS. T.), 254, 2. Tor for to telle, Will. 1428. Toor, 5066. O. H. Ger. zuor-, zuir-, zuur-, zúr-: Icel. tor-].
toran-eáge. v. toren-íge.
tór-begete; adj. Hard to get :-- Gif hé beget and yt rinde, sió ðe cymþ of neorxnawonge, ne dereþ him nán átter. Ðonne cwæþ se ðe ðás bóc wrát ðæt hió wæ-acute;re tórbegete, Lchdm. ii. 114, 3-6. Cf. éð-begete, and see tór.
tór-cirre; adj. Hard to turn, hard to convert :-- Ða ðe wæ-acute;ron æ-acute;r swýðe heardes módes and swýðe tórcyrres tó Crystes geleáfan, Shrn. 99, 1. Cf. earfoþ-cirre.
torcul glosses torcular, Mt. Kmbl. Rush. 21, 33. [O. H. Ger. torcul; n.; torcula; f. torcular.]
tord, es; n. A turd, dung :-- Swínes tord, Lchdm. ii. 62, 22. Gáte tord, 122, 5. Genim níwe horses tord, 330, 27: 148, 13. Genim culfran tord, 322, 9. v. weorf-tord; tyrdlu, and next word.
tord-wifel, es; m. A dung-beetle; scarabaeus stercorarius :-- Ðæ-acute;r ðú geseó tordwifel on eorþan up weorpan, ymbfó hine mid twám handum mid his geweorpe, Lchdm. ii. 318, 15. [Icel. tord-yfill.] Cf. scearn-wifel.
tó-rendan; p. -rende To rend in two, tear in pieces :-- Se héh ðá sacerd tóslát &l-bar; tórende woedo his summus autem sacerdos scindens vestimenta sua, Mk. Skt. Lind. Rush. 14, 63. Wághrsegl temples tóre[n]ded (tórended, Rush.) wæs in tuu velum templi scissum est in duo, 15, 38. Grin biþ tórænded laqueus cóntritus est, Ps. Th. 123, 7. [Wurmes wullen todelen þine þermes, lifre and lihte torenden, Fragm. Phlps. 6, 59. He is of þe tetore uolke, þet totereð his olde kurtel, and torendeð þe olde pilche, A. R. 362, 29. Haue ruþe of þi faire bodi, þt UNCERTAIN me ne lete hit no&yogh;t þus torende, Marg. 28, 132. O. Frs. tó-renda.]