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toren-íge; adj. Blear-eyed :-- Gif hé wæ-acute;re toreníge (-igge, Cote. MSS.) oððe fleáh hæfde on eágan si lippus fuerit, si albuginem habens in oculo, Past. 11; Swt. 65, 5. Wiþ eágena sár, ðæt is ðonne ðæt hwá torníge (toraneáge, MS. B.) sý ad lippitudinem oculorum, Lchdm. i. 108, 23. Wið eágena sáre, ðæt ys ðæt wé cwéðaþ torníge (-ége, MS. H.) ad epiphoras oculorum, 156, 18.
torfian; p. ode. In the first instance to throw with turf at a person (cf. stæ-acute;nan), and then with stones or the like; so Icel. has tyrfa með grjóti ok með torfi, and Swed. tyrva med stenom. Afterwards in a more general sense to throw. I. to throw at an object, strike with a missile, to stone a person :-- Seó clæ-acute;nnes ða fúlnesse mid flinte torfaþ pudicitia libidinem cum saxo percutit, Gl. Prud. 12 a. Ða deóflu mé swíðe geegsiaþ and eác swylce torfiaþ, Homl. Skt. i. 3, 424. Hí námon stánas, ðæt hí hine torfodon, Homl. Th. ii. 236, 21. Hí mid stánum torfodon ðone soðfæstan Iacob, 300, 18. Hig námon stánas tó ðam ðæt hig woldon hyne torfian tulerunt lapides, ut iacerent in eum, Jn. Skt. 8, 59: ut lapidarent eum, 10, 31. Ða leásan gewitan hine ongunnon æ-acute;rest tó torfienne, Homl. Th. i. 50, 15. II. to throw, cast, (a) with acc. of thing thrown :-- Hé geseah hú ðæt folc hyra feoh torfude on ðone tollsceamul, and manega welige torfudon fela aspiciebat quomodo turba iactaret aes in gazophilacium, et multi diuites iaciabant multa, Mk. Skt. 12, 41. (b) without an object :-- Ic torfige oððe sceóte iacio, Ælfc. Gr. 28, 6; Zup. 178, 16. Ða Frencisce men torfedon tówærd ðam weofode, Chr. 1083; Erl. 217, 17. [Samuel þe sticches toruede (tarueden, 1st MS.) oueral þan strede, Laym. 16703. Icel. tyrfa to pelt a person with something.] v. of-, tó-torfian; turf, and next word.
torfung, e; f. I. a throwing of stones, stoning :-- Ðæt hine (a slave who had absconded) man læ-acute;dde tó ðære torfunge, L. Ath. v. 6, 3; Th. i. 234, 8. Cf. Si fur servus homo sit, eant sexaginta et viginti servi et lapident eum, iii. 6; Th. i. 219, 13. v. Grmm. R. A. 693. II. a throwing, casting, hurling :-- Hié his wæ-acute;ran swíðe ehtende ge mid scotum ge mid stána torfungum, Ors. 5, 9; Swt. 134, 16.
torht; adj. [The word with its derivatives is almost confined to poetry. It is, however, found not unfrequently as one of the components in proper names. v. Txts. 576: cf. beorht in the same class of words. See, also, torhtness.] Bright, splendid. I. of the brightness of light, literal or figurative, (a) referring to things in this world :-- Æþelast tungla, torht tácen Godes the sun, Exon. Th. 204, 11; Ph. 96. Leóma leóhtade leóda mæ-acute;gþum torht, 15, 12; Cri. 235. Upheofon torhtne mid his tunglum the firmament splendid with its stars, 60, 13; Cri. 969. Heofon torhtne tungolgimmum, 71, 6; Cri. 1151. Heofanas torhte the bright skies, 58, 11; Cri. 934. Tungla torhtast the sun, Menol. Fox 219; Men. 111. (b) of heavenly brightness :-- Wæs mé swegles leóht torht ontýned, Exon. Th. 131, 19; Gú. 457. Wuldres leóht torht, 102, 17; Cri. 1674: Andr. Kmbl. 3222; An. 1614: Cd. Th. 299, 28; Sat. 557. II. of splendid appearance, bright, beautiful, splendid, (a) of living creatures :-- Se torhta fugel (the phenix), Exon. Th. 236, 15; Ph. 574. Ða torhtan mægþ (Judith: cf. ides ælfscínu, 21, 11; Jud. 14), Judth. Thw. 22, 1; Jud. 43. Englas ælbeorhte, trume and torhte, Exon. Th. 55, 15; Cri. 884. (b) of inanimate objects :-- Ðé is neorxna wang, boldwela fegrost ... torht ontýned, Andr. Kmbl. 209; An. 105. Ðæt torhte lond, Exon. Th. 199, 19; Ph. 28. Se torhta æsc, 429, 24; Rä. 43, 9. In ðære torhtan byrig, 34, 14; Cri. 542. Of ðam torhtan temple Dryhtnes, 12, 15; Cri. 186. Beám tánum torhtne, 435, 17; Rä. 54, 2. Him hildedeór hof torht getæ-acute;hte, Beo. Th. 631; B. 313. Torhtæ vilreos, claros (gurgites). Hpt. Gl. 406, 48. Tácna torhtost (the cross seen by Constantine; cf. ðæt wlitige treów, 330; El. 165), Elen. Kmbl. 327; El. 164. III. splendid, glorious, noble, illustrious, having splendid qualities or properties, (a) of persons :-- Se torhta (the Deity), Cd. Th. 282, 29; Sat. 294. Árás se wuldormago, spræc tó his onbehtþegne, torht tó his gesíþe, Exon. Th. 179, 29; Gú. 1269. Bearn Godes, torhtes tírfruma[n], 13, 21; Cri. 206. Torhtne Drihten Hæ-acute;lend, Cd. Th. 301, 2; Sat. 575. Torhte and tíreádige twelfe the twelve apostles, Apstls. Kmbl. 7; Ap. 4: Exon. Th. 366, 10; Reb. 10. (b) of things :-- Wuldres bléd torht, Cd. Th. 302, 5; Sat. 594. Seolf onféng torhtum tácne (circumcision), 143, 6; Gen. 2375. Hé benam his feónd torhte tíre, 4, 23; Gen. 58. Ða hálgan duru heofona ríces torhte ontýnan. Salm. Kmbl. 75; Sal. 38. Abraham wordum God torhtum cígde, Cd. Th. 108, 16; Gen. 1807. Noldan hí ða torhtan tácen (Christ's miracles) oncnáwan, Exon. Th. 40, 21; Cri. 642. Torhte frætwe, 211, 20; Ph. 200. In ðone torhtestan þrýnesse þrym, 140, 29; Gú. 617. IV. of sight or voice, bright, clear :-- Blind sceal his eágna þolian, oftigen biþ him torhtre gesihþe, Exon. Th. 335, 29; Gn. Ex. 40. Ðúhte him ðæt engel stígan cwóme and stefne ábeád, torhtan reorde, Cd. Th. 248, 10; Dan. 511. [O. Sax. torht: O. H. Ger. zoraht clear, evident.] v. freá-, geár-, gold-, heaðo-, heofon-, hilde-, hleór-, mæ-acute;re-, mere-, morgen-, rodor-, sige-, sigel-, swegel-, wlite-, wuldor-torht.
torhte; adv. I. clearly :-- Frætwe míne (the swan's feathers) swógaþ hlúde, torhte singaþ, Exon. Th. 390, 9; Rä. 8, 8. Him torhte in gemynd his Dryhtnes naman dumba brohte, 440, 24; Rä. 60, 7. II. beautifully, splendidly :-- Hé anlícnesse geseh torhte gefrætwed, wlitige geworhte, Andr. Kmbl. 1430; An. 715. [O. H. Ger. zorahto evidenter.]
torhtian; p. ode To make clear, shew :-- Tácnendi, torctendi index, Txts. 71, 1105. [Cf. O. H. Ger. gi-ougozorhtón manifestare.]
torht-líc; adj. Splendid :-- Eów ys wuldorblæ-acute;d torhtlíc tóweard, Judth. Thw. 23, 35; Jud. 157. Dryhten eallum dæ-acute;leþ ... sumum torhtlícne tiir, Exon. Th. 331, 18; Vy. 70. [O. Sax. torht-lík.]
torhtlíce; adv. Splendidly :-- Ðæt is sigedryhten ðe ðone selc frætweþ, timbreþ torhtlíce, Exon. Th. 450, 25; Dóm. 93. His mildheortnyss is ofer ús torhtlíce getrymed, Ps. Th. 116, 2: Andr. Kmbl. 3358; An. 1683. [O. Sax. torhtlíko.]
torht-mód; adj. Glorious, illustrious; an epithet of the Deity, Judth. Thw. 21, 4; Jud. 6: 21, 35; Jud. 93: of Noah, Cd. Th. 90, 28; Gen. 1502.
torhtness, e; f. Glory :-- Torhtnis, torchtnis luculentum, Txts. 75, 1243. Torhtnes, Wrt. Voc. ii. 51, 16. Gyf him þince (seem in a dream) ðæt his hús byrnþ, micel blæ-acute;d and torhtnes him byþ tóweard, Lchdm, iii. 170, 10.
tó-rinnan; p. -rann To run in different directions, disperse (intrans.) :-- Suelce hit eall lytlum ríðum tórinne, Past. 38; Swt. 277, 13. [O. H. Ger. ze-rinnan; Ger. zer-rinnen.]
tó-rípan; p. te To pluck in two, tear to pieces :-- Ðá hé fleáh ðá tórýpte hine án brémber ofer ðæt nebb. Ðá hé ætsacan wolde ðá sæ-acute;de him mon ðæt tó tácne when he fled, a bramble scratched him all over the face. When he wanted to deny (the charge brought against him), they told him this as a token, Chart. Th. 172, 27. [v. Goth. raupjan to pluck: O. H. Ger. roufen vellicare, runcare: Ger. raufen.] v. rípan.
torn, es; n. [The word with its derivatives is almost confined to poetry; see, however, torn-wyrdan.] Violent emotion of anger or grief (cf. teran, and Goth. ga-taura a rent; ga-tauman to be torn). I. of anger, (a) where there is just cause, anger, indignation, wrath :-- Gewát torne gebolgen dryhten Geáta (Beowulf when the dragon ravaged the country), Beo. Th. 4794; B. 2401. Ne móton wyt on wæ-acute;rlogum wrecan Godes torn, Cd. Th. 152, 34; Gen. 2530: 4, 24; Gen. 58: 151, 13; Gen. 2508. Mé ðæt cynn hafaþ sáre ábolgen; nú mé Sethes bearn torn níwiaþ, 76, 16; Gen. 1258. Lífes leóhtfruma leng ne wolde torn þrowigean would not restrain his wrath, 146, 14; Gen. 2422. (b) unrighteous anger, rage :-- Wæ-acute;ron teónsmiðas (the evil spirits) tornes fulle, cwæ-acute;don ðæt him Gúðlác earfeþa mæ-acute;st ána gefremede, Exon. Th. 114, 22; Gú. 176. Beóþ ða gebolgne ... and heora torn wrecaþ will wreak their rage, 119, 24; Gú. 259. Synfull yrsaþ tóþum torn þolaþ teónum grimetaþ peccator irascetur, dentibus suis fremet, Ps. Th. 111, 9. II. of grief, grief, affliction, trouble, distress :-- Cyning eallwihta Caines ne wolde tiber sceáwian; ðæt wæs torn were hefig æt heortan, Cd. Th. 60, 10; Gen. 979. Hý twégen sceolon tæfle ymbsittan, ðenden him hyra torn tóglíde, forgietan ðara geócran gesceafte, habban him gomen on borde, Exon. Th. 345, 3; Gn. Ex. 182. Ðæ-acute;r wæs wópes hring torne bitolden, 34, 6; Cri. 538. Ðá wæs wópes hring, hát heáfodwylm, ofer hleór goten; nalles for torne teáras feóllon, Elen. Kmbl. 2265; El. 1134. Hé lét, torn þoliende, teáras geótan, Exon. Th. 165, 15; Gú. 1029. Inwidsorge ðe hié æ-acute;r drugon and þolian scoldon, torn unlytel, Beo. Th. 1670; B. 833. Torn geþolode wine Scyldinga, weána gehwylcne, sídra sorga, 297; B. 147. Torn dreógan, Exon. Th. 131, 20; Gú. 458. Gristbitian mid tóðon torn þoligende gnashing their teeth in despair, Judth. 25, 21; Jud. 272. Abraham bæd him fultumes ... cwæð ðæt him wæ-acute;re weorce on móde, sorga sárost ... Hié Abrahame treówa sealdon, ðæt hié his torn mid him gewræ-acute;con on wráðum, Cd. Th. 122, 36; Gen. 2037. Ne sceal næ-acute;fre his torn tó rycene beorn of his breóstum ácýþan, nemþe hé æ-acute;r ða bóte cunne mid elne gefremman, Exon. Th. 293, 7; Wand. 112. Torna gehwylces, Beo. Th. 4385; B. 2189. [O. Sax. torn grief, affliction: Du. toorn anger: O. H. Ger. zorn commotio, zelus, fervor, ira, indignatio, dolor, molestia: Ger. zorn.] v. gár-, lyge-torn, and next word.
torn; adj. Causing violent emotions of grief or anger, grievous, distressing, bitter :-- Hí him ermþu gehéton tornum teóncwidum they threatened him with misery in grievous words of insult, Exon. Th. 129, 10; Gú. 419. Ic sceal godscyld wrecan, torne teóncwide (grievous blasphemies), ðe ðu tæ-acute;lnissum wiþ ða sélestan sacan ongunne, 254, 30; Jul. 205. Hí mé dæ-acute;dun (-m, MS.) torne télnysse, teónan mænige detrahebant mihi, Ps. Th. 108, 3. Ðæt wæs Hróðgáre hreówa tornost it was to Hrothgar the bitterest grief, Beo. Th. 4265; B. 2129. [O. Sax. torn bitter (tear).] v. torne, torn-líc.
torn-cwide, es; m. A speech that causes grief, bitter, grievous, distressing words :-- Heora tungan torncwidum serwaþ swá oft nædran dóþ acuerunt linguas suas sicut serpentes, Ps. Th. 139, 3. Ongunnon gromheorte (the evil spirits) Godes orettan in sefan swencan, swíþe gehéton, ðæt hé in ðone grimman gryre gongan sceolde ...; woldun hý geteón mid torncwidum in orwénnysse Meotudes cempan, Exon. Th. 36, 25; Gú. 546.
torne; adv. In a way that causes grief or distress, grievously, distressingly :-- Hé wíse dómas déþ (ðám) ðe hér deorce æ-acute;r teónan manige