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GE-WIS--GE-WIT 453
(cf. for heora leahtrum oðþe for háliges lífes geearnunge, R. Ben. 115, 9-10) certis ex causis, 105, 9. IV. used substantively in the phrase tó gewissum certainly:--Tó gewissan presertim, i. scilicet, An. Ox. 1882. IV a. of knowledge (to know) for certain, with certainty, without any doubt:--Wite gehwá tó gewissan, þæt . . ., Hml. Th. i. 96, 3: Hml. S. 13, 136. Ic nát tó gewissan hwæ-acute;r hé wunað nú, 21, 31. v. un-gewis, and next word. ge-wis, -wiss, es; n. I. what is certain. (1) certain information:--Ðá úþwitan þe sæ-acute;don þæt næ-acute;fre nánwiht gewisses næ-acute;re búton twæónunga, Solil. H. 20, 22. Ne mæg ic nán gewis bringan tó mínum geférum, Hml. S. 23, 577. Hé áxode þæs martyres naman . . . ac heora nán nyste nán gewis be þám (cf. nyste heora nán his naman tó secgenne, Hml. Th. ii. 506, 30), Hml. S. 31, 349. Mænige wíse men swíþe swuncen mid ðæ-acute;re spræ-acute;ce and litel gewis (or adj.?) funden, Bt. 41, 4; F. 250, 20. (2) a record giving exact information, certificate(?):--Hæbbe se abbod á mid him gewrit ealra þæ-acute;ra æ-acute;hta; þonne seó notu on gebróðra gewrixle bið, sý þæt gewis á mid þám abbode, þæt hé wite hwæt betæ-acute;ht sý and hwæt underfangen ex quibus abbas brevem teneat, ut dum sibi in ipsa assignata fratres vicissim succedunt sciat quid dat et quid recipit, R. Ben. 56, 9. II. certainty. (1) of knowledge, belief, trust:--Miccle gewisse very certainly, Men. 124. (1 a) mid gewisse with certainty, without doubt:--Wé witan mid gewisse þæt hit neálæ-acute;cð, Wlfst. 90, 4: R. Ben. 128, 17. Hwæs gehwá gelýfan sceolde mid gewisse, Hml. S. 23, 406. Mid gewisse trúwiende, 23 b, 777 note. (1 b) tó gewisse certainly, as a certainty:--Án þing ic eów secge tó gewisse, Wlfst. 89, 21. Wé nyton tó nánum gewisse hwænne Críst ús wile habban tó him, Hml. A. 55, 121. (2) of occurrence, mid gewisse with certainty, without fail:--Bissextus æ-acute;fre binnan þám feórþan geáre cymð mid gewisse, Angl. viii. 312, 11. (3) certainty in action, where a definite course is followed:--Swá hé six and twéntig daga þ-bar; færeld þurhteáh, swilce hé tó sumum menn mid gewisse (with definite aim) fóre (as if he were going to meet some one particular person), Hml. S. 23 b, 160. (4) used with indefinite sense, mid gewisse certainly, indeed. Cf. witodlíce, sóþlíce:--Mid gewisse se foresæ-acute;da bisceop . . . angan . . . tó befrínenne, Lch. iii. 432, 26. v. un-gewiss. ge-wisfullíce. Substitute: Knowingly, with knowledge. v. gewis; I. 2:--Hé him þá gewát swíþe gewisfullíce (-wiss-, v. l.) swílce hé unwís wæ-acute;re recessit igitur scienter nescius, Gr. D. 95, 31. ge-wísian. Add: I. to shew, point out something (acc.) to a person (dat.):--Ðus him gewísede se Æ-acute;ðelwaldes mon ðá gemæ-acute;ru, C. D. v. 141, 29. Þ-bar; hió swá myceles his onfón sceolde swá seó hind hire gewísede, Lch. iii. 426, 29. II. to direct a person. (1) with acc.:--Þæt wé ús sylfe ge þá þe wé wísian sceolan swá gewísian swá swá úre ealra þearf sý, Ll. Th. ii. 332, 24. (1 a) to direct a person to (tó) something:--Þ-bar; gesceád hí gewýsigen sceall tó weldæ-acute;dum, Hml. S. 1, 148. (2) with dat. (and object to (tó) which):--Þá láreówas mid þám cwydum Godes folce gewísiað tó Crístes geleáfan, Hml. Th. i. 214, 1. ?O. Sax. gi-wísán (with dat. pers., acc. thing).? ge-wislic; adj. Certain, that gives certainty:--Þ-bar; wé gelýfdon þá þe wé núgý ne magon mid gewislicre fandunge witan quatenus crederemus quae adhuc scire per experimentum non possumus, Gr. D. 261, 28. v. ungewislic. ge-wislíce. Add: I. where there is certainty as to a fact, certainly, without doubt, unquestionably:--Hé swór þ-bar; þá wæ-acute;pnu wæ-acute;ron gewyslíce þæ-acute;r on æ-acute;fen, Hml. S. 3, 259. Þ-bar; án ús is gewislíce andweard þ-bar;te þonne biþ, Bt. 42; F. 256, 26. 'Ic wolde witan . . . hwæþer þú wisse búton tweón . . . ' 'Ic gewislíce wite,' Solil. H. 56, 4: 57, 10: 60, 1. Wé gewislíce witon . . . there is no doubt that we know . . ., Bt. 11, 2; F. 36, 2. Gif on heortan wé biddan clæ-acute;nre gewisslíce (certe) þú scealt of beháte, Hy. S. 68, 7. [Giwislíca se Apollon æ-acute;rest hé gemetta meþodicam, Lch. iii. 82, 9.] II. where there is certainty in respect to what is to happen, without fail, surely:--Gif ðú hæfst æ-acute;nigne feónd, send þone tó þám feó, and hé bið gewislíce dead (he shall surely die), Hml. S. 25, 803. III. of the action of things, with certainty, with unfailing regularity:--Næ-acute;ron nó swá gewislíce ne swá endebyrdlíce hiora stede and hiora ryne funden on hiora stówum and on hiora tídum non tam certus naturae ordo procederet, nec tam dispositos motus locis, temporibus explicaret, Bt. 35, 2; F. 158, 3. IV. knowingly, accurately, in a way that shews knowledge:--For þon se Drihtnes wer swíðe gewislíce démde be æfweardum mannum cum vir Domini tam scienter de absentibus judicaret, Gr. D. 231, 3. Heó fram frymðe gewislíce þurh þone Hálgan Gást ealle þing ymbe Crístes menniscnysse geleornode, Hml. Th. i. 440, 2. V. in a way that imparts knowledge, so as to give information, clearly, explicitly:--Gif hit gylt næ-acute;re, þonne ne geswutulode þæt hálige godspel swá gewislíce be ðám rícan þæt hé wæ-acute;re mid purpuran and mid godewebbe, geglencged, Hml. Th. i. 328, 26. Sege mé gewislícor þæt ic hit mæge understandan tell me more clearly, that I may understand it, Ap. Th. 15, 24. Wé wyllað nú secgan be ðisum eallum gewislícor, Ælfc. Gr. Z. 242, 19: 21, 15. VI. clearly, of mental perception:--Gyf ic gewislíce ongæáte, Solil. H. 41, 3. Him þúhte on healfslápendon líchaman, ná eallinga swylce on swefne, ac gýt gewisslícor, þ-bar; hé sceolde néde ofer áne swíðe smale bricge, Vis. Lfc. 4. VII. with vague sense:--Sume (adverbs) synd con- vel adfirmativa . . . scilicet and uidelicet gewislíce, Ælfc. Gr. 227, 1. Gewislíce utique, Ps. Srt. 50, 18: 54, 13. Hwylc tácn sette God . . .? Þæt tácn gewistlíce (ipsum videlicet signum) þ-bar; hé útlaga leofode, Angl. vii. 32, 306. Gewistlíce scilicet, R. Ben. I. 51, 8. [O. H. Ger. ge&dash-uncertain;wislícho specialiter, firmiter, indubitato: Ger. ge-wisslich.] ge-wíslíce(?) sagaciously:--Þá gelæ-acute;redus[tan] læ-acute;ce[as] gewíslíce (both i's are accented) smeádon, Lch. iii. 82, 3. v. wíslíce. ge-wísness, e; f. Teaching:--Be læ-acute;cecræftes gewísnesse peri didaxeon, Lch. iii. 82, 2. ge-wisse; adv. Certainly:--Hé sylf wiste gewissast be ðám, Hml. S. 21, 110. [O. H. Ger. ge-wisso certe: Ger. ge-wiss.] ge-wissend. Dele, and see next word. ge-wissian. Add: I. to direct. (1) the subject a person (human or divine), (a) to direct a person in his actions, a thing in its movements, (α) with dat. or uncertain:--On þám bócum þe Móyses áwrát swá swá him gewissode God, Ælfc. T. Grn. 5, 37. Hé ástealde þe stíðan drohtnunge swá swá Críst him gewissode, Hml. S. 16, 100: 22, 5. Þ-bar; þú mé gewissige bet þonne ic áwyrhte tó þé, Bt. 42; F. 260, 5. Sé ús gewissige á on ðysse worulde, and tó þám écan lífe gelæ-acute;de, Hml. S. 17, 268. (β) with acc.:--Mód hé begéme and hé gewissige mentem gubernet et regat, Hy. S. 16, 9. (γ) to direct to an end:--Hé his híwræ-acute;dene tó ðám ylcan gewissode, Hml. Th. ii. 348, 17. Gewissa mé tó ðínum willan and tó mínre sáwle þearfe bet þonne ic sylf cunne, Bt. 42; F. 260, 6. ¶ of authoritative direction by a ruler, teacher, &c. (α) absolute:--Swá ic bufan gewissode sicut supra taxavimus, R. Ben. 44, 2. Sé ðe underféhð sáwla tó gewissianne qui suscipit animas regendas, R. Ben. I. 16, 17, 12. (β) with dat. or uncertain:--God his weorce gewissað oð ðisse weorulde geendunge est gubernator in totius mundi naturis, Angl. vii. 4, 24. Hé mid þæ-acute;m pallium þæ-acute;r mæssode swá se pápa him gewissode, Chr. 1022; P. 157, 2. Swá ealde úðwitan ús gewissedon, Angl. viii. 333, 5. (γ) with acc.:--Nihte and dæg þú gewissast (regis), Hy. S. 6, 4. Embhwerft þú gewissast orbem regis, 26, 4: 91, 21. Se láreów bið unscyldig, gif hé þæt folc mid láre gewissað, Hml. Th. i. 240, 11. Bisceop sceall gehádode men æ-acute;rest gewissian, þ-bar; heora æ-acute;lc wite hwæt him mid rihte gebyrige tó dónne, Ll. Th. ii. 312, 10. Þryfealdne gewissigendne cræft trinam regentem machinam, Hy. S. 75, 1. (b) to direct the course, way, &c., of a person:--Þenc æ-acute;fre embe God on eallum ðínum wegum and hé sylf gewissað wel þíne fare in omnibus viis tuis cogita illum, et ipse diriget gressus tuos (Prov. 3, 6), Hml. S. 13, 321. Ásende Críst his engel mid þé, sé forðige ðé and þíne fare gewissige, 22, 29. God, gewissa úre dæ-acute;da, Hml. Th. ii. 598, 16. Hí eóden tó scipe mid him and bæ-acute;don God þ-bar; hé his weg gewissode, 15, 19. (c) to appoint a time:--Tó þám ylcan ándagan þe hé him gewissode, Hml. A. 97, 167. (2) the subject a thing:--Hú man mæg þone weg gefaran þe gewissað tó Gode, Ælfc. T. Grn. 7, 39. II. to give information about, inform a person of something:--Heó him cúðlíce ealle þing ymbe Crístes menniscnysse gewissode, Hml. Th. i. 440, 1. Ic wolde georne æt ðé gewitan þissere byrig rihtnaman, gif þú mé woldest gewissigan I should like to know from you the proper name of this town, if you would inform me, Hml. S. 23, 548. ge-wissung. Add: I. a becoming certain, certainty:--Ealle ðás foresæ-acute;dan ðing sind mid micelre gewissunge getrymde þurh ðisne æfterfyligendan cwyde, Hml. Th. i. 614, 31. II. information. v. gewissian; II:--Nis geræ-acute;d on nánre béc nán swutelre gewissung be hire geendunge, Hml. Th. i. 440, 11. ge-wistfullian. Add: I. intrans.:--Gewistfulla epulare, Wlfst. 286, 22. II. trans.(?):--Þá rihtwísan beóð gewistfullode justi epulentur, Ps. L. 67, 4. ge-wistfulligend, es; m. One that feasts:--Swég gewistfulgend[es] sonus epulantis, Ps. Rdr. 41, 5. v. wistfulligend. ge-wistfullung, e; f. Feasting, a feast, delightful thing:--Sanda gewistfullunga (opulentas) ferculorum dilicias, An. Ox. 1632. Gestreónfulle gewistfullunge sumptuosas opulentias (has epulent- been read?), 1931. ge-wit. Add: I. sense, perception:--Homo man, anima sáwl, animus mód, spiritus gást, sensus gewit, intellectus, andgit, cogitatio geðanc, corpus líchama, Wrt. Voc. i. 42, 31-38. Ðæt gecyndelice gewitt naturales sensus, Past. 405, 4. Mé þincð nú þæt þú ne trúwie þám úttram gewitte, náðer ne þám eágum, . . . ne ðám hrínunge respuis in hac causa testimonium sensuum, Solil. H. 18, 11. Ic mín gewit and ealle míne styrenesse forleás sensum motumque omnem perdidi, Bd. 5, 6; Sch. 577, 9. I a. a sense, one of the senses:--Woldest þú þínne cniht mid þám úttram gewit[t]um cunnan? familiarem tuum sensu vis nosse?, Solil. H. 18, 18, 20. I b. what is felt, a sense, feeling. v. witan; III:--Þurh wráð gewitt, El. 459. II. condition of being wise or sensible, good sense, understanding. v. witan; II:--Sýn gecorene of ðám sylfum gebróðrum þá ðe gódes gewittes (gewitnes, v. l.: the 13th cent. MS. has gódes gewitnesse) sýn and háligre drohtnunge (boni testimonii et sancte conversationis), R. Ben. 46, 9. Ðæt gé nó tó