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badly, Hkr. i. 226. afar-kaup, n. hard bargain, Sturl, (in a verse).
afar-kostir, m. pl. hard condition, Eg. 14, 353, Hkr. i. 144, Ld. 222.
afarkosta-laust, n. adj. on fair terms, Jb. 361, Stud. ii. 79. afar-
ligr, adj. immense, huge, Nj. 183, v. l. afar-lítill, adj. very small,
Merl. 2. 46. afar-menni, n. an overpowering man, Orkn. 256 old
Ed., Landn. 124, Ísl. ii. 190. afar-orð, n. overbearing words, Bs. ii. 9.
afar-stórr, adj. big, Lex. Poët. afar-sætr, adj. very sweet, Sks. 534.
afar-úðigr, adj. [hugð], overbearing, of violent temper, Fms. vii. 20.
afar-vel, adv. very well, Hkr. i. 204, Ísl. ii. 140; cp. ofa. afar-yrði,
n. = afarorð, Orkn. 274. afar-þungr, adj. heavy, Edda (Ht.) 46.
af-auðit, part. pass.; verða a. e-s, to fail, have bad luck, Gísi. 61.
af-át = ofát, over-eating, gluttony, gormandizing.
af-blómgaðr, part. pass. 'off-bloomed,' deflowered, 655 xxxii. 3.
af-boð, n. threats, high words, Fms. x. 199; ofboð, n., is used of panic,
fear, agony, and as a prefix in compds of boðs = exceedingly. So now the
modern verb ofbjóða, mostly used impers., e-m ofbýðr, to be shocked at, etc.
af-bragð, n. used of persons, a superior, excellent person; hann var a. í
vizku sinni, wonderfully clever, Fms. x. 397; a. annarra manna, man of
mark, vi. 144. 2. gen. afbragðs is now frequently used as a prefix
to nouns to express something surpassing -- a. fagr, góðr, fríðr, etc. -- a.
vænleikr, surpassing beauty, Stj. 195. COMPD: afbragðs-maðr, m.
a great man, Fms. x. 293 (where spelt abb-).
afbragðliga, adv. surpassingly, Fas. i. 220.
afbragðligr, adj. surpassing, Eb. 256, Fms. ix. 535, x. 230 (where
spelt abb-), xi. 335.
af-brigð and rarely afbrigði, n. -- the compound afbrigðar-tré points
to a fem. -- deviation, transgression, offence, (cp. bregða af, to deviate from)
esp. in pl., þeir sökuðu hann um nokkuð afbrigð þinga sinna, Post. 645.
97; sættarof ok afbrigð við guð, trespasses, 671. i; afbrigð, wrongs, Ld.
66; í afbrigðum boðorða Guðs, transgressions against the commandments
of God, 671. 3; þórðr afsakar sik um öll afbrigði við þik, for having
wronged thee, Sturl. ii. 132, Fms. vii. 24, Ísl. ii. 201. COMPD: afbrigðar-
tré, ii. tree of transgression, Niðrst. 623. 7.
af-brot, n. pl. trespasses, sin, K. Á. 36, Fms. xi. 443; very frequent in
religious writings after the Reformation.
af-brugðning, f. deviation from, 656 B. 7.
af-brúðigr and ábrúðigr, adj. jealous, Str. 5, 75; v. the following.
af-brýða, dd, [af- intens. and brúðr, sponsa], to be jealous, also contracted
ábrýða; þeir vandlæta ok afbrýða sem karldýrin eru borin, Stj. 94.
af-brýði and contr. ábrýði, n. (now obsol.) jealousy; en er Sisinnus sá
Clemens páfa standa hjá konu sinni, þá, viltist hugr hans mjök af mikilli
ílsku ok afbrýði, Clem. 41, 42, Fms. i. 9, Ýt. 11; in all these places spelt
with af-, but ábryði is more common, and occurs Hkr. i. 111; in the poem
Gkv. i. 10 -- hon ægði mér af ábrýði -- it is used of the jealousy of a wife
to her husband.
af-burðr, m. (also spelt abb-), odds, balance, bias, success (cp. bera af,
to prevail); kvað honum eigi annat vænna til afburðar, in order to get the
better of it, Sd. 166; sá hann at engi varð afburðrinn, they fought 'aequo
Marte,' Sturl. ii. 74; hann ætlaði sér afburð, he meant to keep the odds in his
own hand, Ísl. ii. 450; skal nú faraí haustvíking, ok vilda ek, at hon yrði
eigi með minnum afburðum, less glorious, Orkn. 464. II. gen.
sing, and pl. afburðar-, a-, freq. used as a prefix in some COMPDS with
the notion of gloriously, with distinction. afburðar-digr, adj. very
thick, biðr. 24. afburða-fræknligr, adj. very gallant, Ísl. ii. 369. af-
burðar-járn, n. excellent iron, Fms. x. 173. afburðar-maðr, m. a
man of mark, Rb. 316, Orkn. 474, Grett. 133, Finnb. 318. afburðar-
mikill, adj. conspicuous, Fms. v. 181. afburðar-skip, n. a fine ship,
Fas. iii. 106. afburðar-vel, adv. very well, Hkr. ii. 265, Fms. ix.
515. afburðar-vænn, adj. very fine, Fas. i. 182.
af-búð, f. an 'off-booth,' side-booth, apartment, Korm. 116.
af-dalr, m. an 'off-dale,' remote valley; freq. in tales and rhymes of
hidden valleys, esp. in pl., e. g. Hvað hét hundr karls er í afdölum bjó, in a
nursery rhyme, K. þ. K. 38, Fms. v. 183.
af-deilingr, m. part, portion, share, Bs. i. 881.
af-dráttr, m. [draga af, to detract], diminution, deduction, Ann. 1358
(of duties, fines), Dipl. i. 7, Jm. 135 = costs. β. in arithmetic, subtrac-
tion, Alg. 358, now frádragning.
af-drif, n. pl. [drifa], destiny, fate; barn líkligt til stórra afdrifa, a bairn
likely to grow into a great man, Fms. iii. 112 (of an exposed child); þykir
mér lítil okkur a. verða munu, inglorious life, Fær. 53. It is now also
used of final fate, end. 2. offspring, Stj. 191.
af-drykkja, u, f. over-drinking, drunkenness, = ofdrykkja [af- intens.]
af-eggja, að, to dissuade, (as we might say 'to egg off'), Fms. ix. 352.
af-eira, ð, to curtail, deprive of, with dat. of the thing; a. þá sinni sæmd,
to disgrace them, Bær. 3; riddaradómi, to degrade from knighthood, 4.
af-eista, t, to castrate, Bs. ii. 118.
af-eyringr, m. an animal, sheep with cropped ears, Bs. 1. 723, Sturl. iii. 47;
also afeyra, ð, to cut the ears off, and afeyrt, n. adj. a mark on sheep.
af-fall, n. diminution, discount, falling off, in the phrase, selja e-t með
afföllum, to sell at a discount, Sd. 189.
af-fangadagr, v. atfangadagr, day preceding a feast.
af-fara, v. afför.
af-fari, adj. who deviates, trespasses, Fms. viii. 237, v. 1.
af-feðrast, að, dep. to fall short of his father, to degenerate, Fms. xi. 423.
af-feldr, m. the spoon of Hela, Edda 231.
af-ferma, d and ð, [farmr], to unload a ship, Fas. ii. 448.
af-flutning, f. and afflutningr, m. disparaging, depreciation, Bs. i. 714.
af-flytja, flutta, to disparage, Fms. x. 41, Grett. 100 A.
af-för, ar, f. departure, in the following COMPDS: affara-dagr and
affarar-dagr, m. the last day of a feast, esp. of Yule or the like; a. jöla --
Twelfth-night, opp. to affanga-dagr = at-fangadagr, Christmas Eve, Hkr.
iii. 304, Fbr. 139, Fms. vii. 272; a. veizlunnar, Bs. i. 287, Fms. iii. 121.
affara-kveld, n. the last evening of a feast, Fms. xi. 424.
af-gamall, adj. [af- intens. ?], very old, decrepid from age, Nj. 190; a.
karl, Fms. ii. 182, Sks. 92.
af-ganga, u, f. surplus, Fms. iii. 208, v. l. II. deviation, digres-
sion, Skálda 203. COMPD: afgongu-dagr, m. = affaradagr, day of
departure, Fas. iii. 600.
af-gangr, s, m. surplus, store, Ver. 17, Dipl. v. 10, Fms. iv. 236,
K. þ. K. 163, in the phrase, með afgöngum, to spare, Fms. iii. 108;
afgangs, gen. used adverbially, over, to spare, l. c., v. 1. II. decease,
death [ganga af, to die], Fas. iii. 596.
af-gelja, u, f. [gala, cp. hégilja], chattering, Edda 110.
af-gipt, f. [gefa af], tribute, K. Á. 170. II. indulgence, abso-
lution, Bs. i. 712, H. E. i. 523, Dipl. i. 5. COMPDS: afgiptar-bréf,
n. letter of indulgence, Bs. 1. 699. afgiptar-fé, n. a Norse law term,
escheatable property, N. G. L. i. 324.
af-gjald, n. tribute, Vm. 78 (freq.)
af-gjarn, adj. eager to be off, flying away, in the proverb, afgjarnt verðr
öfundarfé, Fas. ii. 332; cp. afsæll.
af-gjöf, f. = afgipt, K. Á. 170, 174, H. E. i. 430.
af-glapa, að, [cp. glepja], an Icel. law term, to disturb or break the peace
of a court or public meeting, by violence, crowding, shouting, brawling, or
the like; ef menn troðast svá mjök at lögréttu fyrir önnkost, eðr göra þar
hrang þat eðr háreysti, at fyrir því afglapast mál manna, ok varðar þat
fjörbaugsgarð, Grág. i. 5; ef várþing verðr afglapat, at eigi megu mál
lúkast, 105; ef menn afglapa görð allir þeir er til vóru teknir, i. 495.
af-glapan and afglöpun, f. [v. the preceding word], used of rioting or
brawling in a court or at a meeting, to break the law or the peace; it is
also used of any illegal steps to stop the course of law, so that the plead-
ings are interrupted, and there is a flaw in the procedure, v. þingsafglöpun;
frequent in the Grágás and the Sagas; it was liable to the lesser outlawry,
v. above: bribery and false witness seem to be counted as þingsafglöpun
in Nj. 150, and were to be challenged to the High Court, Lv. 12, 31,
Nj., Grág., esp. in the þ. þ. etc.: v. Dasent, Introd. to Burnt Njal.
af-glapi, a, m. an oaf, fool, simpleton, Fms. i. 156, Ld. 34, Sd. 145.
COMPD: afglapa-orð, n. words of a fool, in the proverb, úmæt eru afglapa-
orð, 'a fool's word is nothing worth' -- now úmæt eru ómagaorð -- Boll. 352.
af-greizla, u, f. payment, contribution, Vm. 141.
af-guðliga, adv. ungodly, N. G. L. i. 376, v. l. = óguðliga.
af-gæzla, u, f. taking care of, H. E. i. 396, uncert. read.
af-göra, ð, to offend, do amiss, transgress, Nj. 254, Fms. vii. 104, viii. 300.
af-görð, f. transgression, offence, mostly in pl., trespasses in a religious
sense, Sks. 601, Hkr. iii. 225.
af-görvi, v. atgörfi.
af-hallnn, false read. = ofjarlar, Vall. L. 206, v. l.
af-hallr, adj. sloping downward, Eg. 277.
af-haugr, m. a side-mound, Ísl. ii. 46.
af-hefð, f. [hefð, possessio], ousting, D. N. iv. 881.
af-hegna, d, to enclose, hedge, D. N. iii. 774.
af-heima, gen. pl. n. [heima], from home, out of doors, abroad; fara
til afheirna, to go abroad, opp. to at heimili, at home, N. G. L. i. 158.
af-helgast, að, dep. to become unholy, to be profaned, Sks. 782 B.
af-hellir, m. side-cave, Fms. iii. 570, Fas. ii. 152, Brandkr. 62.
af-henda, d and t, to hand over, Lv. 6, Dipl. ii. 14, 16; a. skuld, to pay
a debt, Vápn. 41; a. heit, to pay a vow, Bs. i. 121.
af-hending, f. a metrical term, a subdivision of the samhenda, when
the final assonance of a verse is repeated in the next one, e. g. seim þverrir
gefr seima | seim örr ..., Edda (Ht. 47 and 24). In mod. Icel. metric,
afhenda is quite different, viz. a short metre in only two lines.
af-hendis, adv. off one's hand, N. G. L. i. 180.
af-hendr, adj. out of one's hand, in the phrase, segja e-n sér afhendan,
to give one up, of a client or the like; leitt er mér at segja þik afhendan,
því at þat hefi ek aldri gert ef ek hefi við manni tekit, Fs. 34, Fms. iii.
51 (of the poet Hallfred and king Olaf). II. n. afhent impers.,
e-m er e-t afhent, unfit for, unable to, Fms. viii. 21.
af-heyrandi, part. act. out of bearing, absent, Grág. ii. 143.
af-heyris, adv. out of bearing, opp. to áheyris, Bs. i. 771.
af-hlaðning, f. unloading, N. G. L. i. 410.
af-hlaup, n. surphis, Fms. iv. 336; til afhlaups, to spare, Alg. 370.
COMPD: afhlaups-korn, n. surplus corn, Gþl. 352.
af-hlutr, m. share of a thing, v. fjár-afhlutr.