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Bs. i. 333 sq., where den, ai (acc.), and tona; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75) *ona (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í cónni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing, ár; nom. pi ar, gen. á contracted, dat. am, obsolete form com; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99i ifå' l&5 '• proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat.
principiis obsta, Edda 60; her kemr á til sæfar, here the riverrun s int o
the s ea, metaph. = thi s is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðseta-
drápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til
sævar, ' all waters run into ike sea, ' Rivers with glacier water are in
Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot
spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in
them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary
river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njala often means the great rivers Ölfusá
and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr.
ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames;
Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117,
containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
COMPDS: ár-áll, m. tie bed of a river, Hkr. iii. 117. ar-bakki, a,
m. the bank of a river, Ld. 132, Nj. 234. ar-brot, n. inundation of
a river, Bs. ii. 37; at present used of a s hallow ford in a river. ar-
djúp, n. a pool in a river, Bs. i. 331. ar-farvegr, m. a water-course,
Stj. 353- ar-fors, m. a waterfall or force, Bad. 190. ár-gljúfr,
n. a chasm of a river, Fms. viii. 51, Fær. 62. ár-hlutr, m. one's por-
tion of a river, as regards fishing rights, Fms. x. 489, Sturl. i. 202. ár-
megin and ar-megn, n. the ma in stream of a river, Stj. 251. ár-
minni, n. the mouth of a river, Fms. ix. 381. ár-mót and á-mót,
n. a ' waters-meet, ' Lat. cottfluentia, H. E. i. 129. ár-óss, m. the ' oyce'
or mouth of a river, Eg. 99, 129, 229; whence the corrupt local name of
the Danish town Aarhuus, Fms. xi. 208. ar-reki, a, m. drift, the
jetsam and flotsam (of fish, timber, etc.) in a river, Jm. 25. ár-
straumr, m. the current in n river, Fms. vii. 257, 260. ár-strönd,
f. the strand of a river, Stj. 268, 673. 53. ár-vað, n. aford of a river,
Stj. 184. ár-vegr = árfarvegr, Fas. i. 533. ár-vöxtr, m. the swell-
ing of a river, Fms. i. 286.
a-auki, a, m. increase, Bs. i. 182. P. interest of money, K. Á. 208,
N. G. L. ii. 381.
a-austr, rs, m. out-pouring, foul language, Sturl. i. 21.
a-barning, f. a thrashing, flogging, = bzrsmíð, Sturl. iii. 237.
a-bati, a, m. profit, gain, Fms. xi. 441 (now freq.)
a-berging, f. a tasting, Bad. 72.
a-beri, a, m. an accuser, prosecutor (bera á, accusare), Jb. 252 A;
(a Norse law term.)
a-bersemi, f. a disp os ition toaccuse, Hom. 86.
á-blásinn, part, inspired, transl. from Lat.; á. af Heilogum Anda, Fms.
x. 373, Hom. 12.
á-blásning, f, a breathing upon; með eldr á., 656 C. 33, Rb. 438:
gramm. aspiration, Skálda 175, 179, 180; theol. inspiration, Fms. x. 371.
á-blástr, rs, m., dat. áblæstri, a breathing upon, Fms. x. -2IO; theol. in-
s pirati on, iii. 164, v. 2i7, Eluc. 4; medic, pustula labîorum, Fél. ix. 184.
á-ból, n. a manor-house, = aðalból, B. K. 40.
á-bót, f. used only in pl. ábætr, of improvements, esp. on a farm or
estate; á. jarðar, D. N., D. I. i. 199. COMPD: ábóta-vant, n. adj.
shortcoming, imperfect, Hkr. ii. 89, Sturl. i. 162.
ÁBÓTI, a, m. [Lat. abbas, from Hebr. abba], an abbot. abbati,
which form is nearer to the Lat., is rare, but occurs, 655 iii, 656 A, i.
30, Hom. 237. 2. The Icel. form ábóti answers to the Engl. abbot, Fms.
i. 147, Bs. i. ii. freq., Sks., etc. COMPOS: ábóta-dómr, m. and
ábóta-dæmi, n. an abbey, 655 xxxii, Bs. i. 831. ábóta-laust, n.
adj. without an abbot, va ca nt, Ann. 1393. ábóta-sonr, in. son of
an abbot, Bs. i. 679. ábóta-stétt, f. and -stéttr, m. the rank,
dignity of an abbot, Ann. 1325. ábóta-stofa, u, f. the abbot's par-
lour, Vm. ábóta-sæti, n. the seat of an abbot, 655 xxxii. âbóta-
vald, n. the power, dignity of an abbot, Ann. 1345.
á-breiða, u, f. a covering, counterpane, Korm. 206, Stj. 304.
á-breizl, n. a bed-covering, quilt, Sir. 5, 22, Vm. 93, -- in the last pas-
sage of a winding-sheet or pall; á. kápa, Vm. 67.
á-brúðigr, ábrýðas &br^ði, jealous, jealousy, v. afbr-.
a-brystur, f. pl., v. áfr-.
á-burðr, ar, m. a charge (bera á, accusare'); varði mik eigi þess úburðar,
Fms. ii. 57, Rd. 236. p. medic, s alve, ointment (bera á, to smear), Bs.
ii. 180. 7. p om p or bravery in dress (berast á, to pnjf oneself up), in
the COMPDS abiirðar-klæði, n. fine clothes, showy dress, Bar. 5. 8.
a horse load: áburðar-hestr, m. a pack-horse, -- klyfja hestr.
áburðar-maðr, m. a dressy, showy person, a dandy, Fms. iv. 255,
Orkn. 208. áburðar-mikill, adj. puffed up, showy, Ld. 248.
áburðar-samligr and áburðar-samr, adj. id., Sks. 452, 437.
á-búð, f. [búa á], an abode or residence on an estate or farm, tenancy;
fara ... a, annars manns land til ábúðar (as a tenant), Grág. ii. 253; a. jarðar (possession) heimilar tekju, Gþl. 329; en ef land spillist í a. hans,
during his tenancy, K. Þ. K. 170; þá oðlast harm leigu (rent) en hinn á.
(tenancy), N. G. L. i. 94: whatever refers to the ri g' ht and duties of a
tenant, landskyld ok alla á. jarðar, Jb. 210, 346, 167. COMPDS:
ábúðar-maðr, m. inhabitant, Stj. 368. ábúðar-skylda, u, f. dutie s
of a tenant, Jb. 211.
á-búnaðr, ar, m. = ábúð, N. G, L. i. 240.
á-byrgð, f. responsibility, liability, weight; leggja sína ú. á, Grág. i.
208; eiga í á., to have at stake, Band. 18 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 223, Ld. 58;
lands á., Grág. ii. 248; vera í á. um e-t, to answer for, Fms. xi. 82, Sks.
762: pl. ábyrgðir, pledges, Bser. II, 686 B. 5. COMPDS: ábyrgðar-
hluti, a, m. and -hlutr, ar, m. an object, step involving risk and respon-
sibility, Nj. 199. ábyrgðar-lauss, adj. y ree from risk, Fms. x.
368; eigi með üllu á., i. e. a weighty, serious step, no trifling matter,
Sturl. iii. 234. ábyrgðar-ráð, n. a step involving risk, Nj. 164,
Post. 656 B. ábyrgðar-samligr, adj. momentous, important, Sks. 452-
á-byrgja, ð, 1. in the act. form (very rare), to answer for;
á. e-m e-t, Gþl. 385; á. e-t á hendi e-m, to pla c e a thing for security
in a person's hands; hann á. þau á hendi Jóhanni postula, 655 ix.
A. 2. as a dep.; abyrgjast (very freq.), to answer for, take care
of, Gþl. 190, Grág. i. 140; hverr skal sik sjálfr a., 256, ii. 119, Fms. vi.
361; á. e-t við e-u, Grág. i. 410; sá maðr ábyrgist vápn er upp festir,
ii. 95; hverr abyrgist bat (warrants) móðir, at góðráðr verði, ek mun
abyrgjast (7 will warrant) at eigi mun heimskr verða, Fms. iv. 83.
a-byrgja, u, f. = ábyrgð (very rare); halda e-u abyrgiu, to be respon-
sible for, Grág. ii. 335, 399.
á-býli, n. = ábúð, freq. at present and in several compds, as, äbýlis-
jörð, a tenant farm; ábýlis-maðr, a tenant, etc.
á-bæli, n. = ábúð, H. E. i. 495.
ÁÐAN, adv. [cp. Ulf. apn = ivtavrós, Gal. iv. 10, and atapni, id.], a
little before, a little while ago, erewhile; Kolr for frá seli á., Nj. 55; á.
er vit skildum, Lv. 34; slíkt sem á. talða ek, a s 7 said just above (of the
Speaker reading the law in the lögrétta), Grág. i. 49, ii. 242; nu a.,
just now, 656 G. 39.
áðr, adv. [cp. Hel. ad ro = mane] , ere, already, soon; er ek hefi a. (s oo n)
ráðit brullaup mitt, Nj. 4; er Guð hafði á. bannat, Sks. 533; ok voru
þeir því á. (already) heim komnir, Eg. 222; at nú so lægra í horninu
en á., than before, Edda 32; litlu ú., a little while ago, Fms. viii. 130;
þar sem ek em a. (already) í fullri reiði Gtiðs, Sks. 533. 2. á. en,
Lat. prius quam, ante quam: a. with subj.; a. en þeir gengi, Fms.
xi. 13; a. en í biskups garð falli, N. G. L. i. 145. p. with indie.; var
eigi langt á. en bygðin tók við, Eg. 229. y- &ðr simply = áðr en;
þeir höfðu skamma hríð setið, á. þar kom Gunnhildr, they had s a t a
short while ere G. came thither, Nj. 6; en á. hann reið heiman, 52; en
þat var svipstund ein á. (till) stofan brann, Eg. 240; en áðr hann let
setja söguna saman, Sturl. iii. 306.
a-dreif, n. a splashing, the spray, Sks. 147.
a-dreifing, f. a sprinkling upon, Stj. 78.
a-drykkir, m. pl. a 'sea' or wave dashing over a ship, Sks. 231.
a-drykkja, u, f. [drekka á], prop, a drinking to, pledging, esp. used
n the phrase, at sitja fyrir ádrykkju e-s; -- a custom of the olden time.
The master of the house, for instance, chose one of his guests as his cup-fellow, ' seated him over against himself in the hall, drank to him,
and then sent the cup across the hall to him, so that they both drank
of it by turns. This was deemed a mark of honour. Thus, Egill
at fyrir ádrykkju Arinbiarnar, Egil sale over against Arinbjorn as
his cup-mate, Eg. 253; skal hann sitja fyrir á. minni í kveld, in the
pretty story of king Harold and the blind skald Stuf, Fms. vi. 391;
:p. annat öndvegi var á hinn æðra pall gegnt konungi, skyldi þar
itja hinn æðsti ráðgjafi (the king's highest councillor) konungs fyrir
hans á. ok þótti þat mest virðing at sitja fyrir konungs á., 439; sat izurr fyrir á. konungs innarr enn lendir menn, Bs. i. 19. See also
the description of the banquet in Flugumyri on the 19th Oct. in the
year 1253, -- drukku þeir af t-inu silfrkcri ok mintust við jafnan um
daginn þá er hvorr drakk til annars, Sturl. iii. 183. COMPD:
ádrykkju-ker, u, f. a 'loving-cup, ' or 'gracc-cup, ' Vígl. 17.
a-eggjan, f. egging on, instigation, Hkr. i. 102, Fms. i. 139; af a. e-s,
/atuln. 214, Orkn. 416, tsl. ii. 340, Fms. x. 379. COMPD: áeggjanar-
fifl, n. afofjl or t oo l egged on by another; hafa e-n at á., Sturl. i. 81, to
'ise one to snatch the chestnuts out of the fire; cp. the Engl. cat's-paw.
a-fall, n. ' on-fall, ' esp. 1. a nautical term, of a ' se a' dasb-
*ig over a ship, Bs. i. 422, Korm. 180, Nj. 267, Sks. 227, Fs. 113,
153; hence the phrase, Hggja undir utollum, of one in danger at
ea. 2. a law term, the laying on of a fine or the like; á. sckðar,
Grág. i. 138. p. a condemnatory sentence in an Icel. court; ef þeir
vilja á. dæma ... vér dæmum á. honum, Grág. i. 67, 71, of the formula
or summing up and delivering a sentence in court. 3. metaph. and
:hcol. = ufelii, a visitation, calamity, 623. 19, Magn. 470, II. E. i. 236.
:OMPD: áfalls-dómr, m. a sentence of condemnation, doom, Clem. 50,
Eluc. 39, 655 xviii. 2 Corin. xi. 29, Stj. 265 (visitation).