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á-sýnt, n. adj. [sjá á], to be seen, visible; ef eigi verðr á., if no marks
(of the blow) can be seen, Grág. ii. 15; þat er á., evident, Sks. 185.
á-sækni, n. (ásækinn, adj. vexatious), vexation, Finnb. 240.
á-sælast, d, dep. (ásælni, f.), á. e-n, to covet another man.
á-sætni, f. [sitja], tarrying long, Ísl. ii. 440 (of a tiresome guest).
ÁT, n. [éta, át, edere, A. S. æ-acute;t], the act of eating, in the phrase, at
öldri ok at áti, inter bibendum et edendum, Grág. ii. 170, N. G. L. i. 29;
át ok drykkja, Fas. ii. 552, Orkn. 200; át ok atvinna, Stj. 143: of beasts,
kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow (being sick) would not eat, Bs. i. 194.
áta, u, f. 1. food to eat, but only of beasts, a prey, carcase; húð
ok áta, of a slaughtered beast, N. G. L. i. 246; svá er þar ekki þrot
ærinnar átu (for seals), Sks. 176; þar stóð úlfr í átu, Jd. 31. 2.
eating; góðr átu, 'good eating,' Sks. 136, 137. 3. medic. a cancer,
and átu-mein, n. id., Fél. ix. 190; the old word is eta, q. v. COMPD:
átu-þýfi, n. a law term, eatable things stolen, Grág. ii. 192.
á-tak, n. (átaka, u, f., Hom. 17), [taka á], touching: gen. átaks, soft,
hard, etc. to the feeling; svá á. sem skinn, Flov. 31, Magn. 522: medic.
touching, v. læknishendr, Stj. 248: pl. grips, átök ok sviptingar, in
wrestling, Fas. iii. 503, Fms. xi. 442.
á-tala, u, f. [telja á, incusare,], a rebuke, reprimand, N. G. L. i. 309;
esp. in pl., Fms. v. 103, ix. 384, Hkr. ii. 6, Fær. 218: átölu-laust, n.
adj. undisputed, Jb. 251.
átan, n. [cp. úátan], an eatable, N. G. L. i. 19.
á-tekja, u, f. (átekt, f., Fbr. 151, Thom. 273), prop. touching; in pl.
metaph. disposition for or against a thing, liking or disliking, Bjarn. 54
(cp. taka vel, illa á e-u).
á-tekning, f. touching, Stj. 35.
át-frekr, adj. greedy, voracious, Hkv. 2. 41.
át-girni, f. greediness of food, Hom. 72, and átgjarn, adj. greedy.
átján, older form áttján, as shewn by assonances such as, áttján
Haraldr sáttir, Fms. vi. 159, in a verse of the middle of the 11th cen-
tury [Swed. adertan; Dan. atten; Engl. eighteen; Germ. achtzehn]:--
eighteen, Edda 108, Hkr. ii. 289, N. G. L. i. 114.
átjándi, older form áttjándi, eighteenth, Hom. 164, N. G. L. i. 348.
átján-sessa, u, f. [cp. tvítug-, þrítugsessa], a ship having eighteen row-
ing benches, Fms. ix. 257, xi. 56.
á-troð, n. (átroði, a, m., Hom. 95), a treading upon, Magn. 468:
metaph. intrusion, Hom. 95.
á-trúnaðr, ar, m. [trúa á], belief, creed, religion; forn á., the old
(heathen) faith, Nj. 156, Fms. v. 69, K. Á. 62, Joh. 623. 18, Eb. 12:
átrúnaðar-maðr, m. a believer, [trúmaðr], Andr. 66.
ÁTT, f. a family, race, v. ætt and compds.
ÁTT and ætt, f., pl. áttir and ættir [Germ. acht = Lat. ager, praedium,
a rare and obsolete word in Germ.], plaga caeli, quarter; just as quarter
refers to the number four, so átt seems to refer to eight: átt properly
means that part of the horizon which subtends an arc traversed by the sun
in the course of three hours; thus defined, -- meðan sól veltist urn átta ættir,
Sks. 54; ok þat eru þá þrjár stundir dags er sól veltist um eina sett, id.;
the names of the eight áttir are, útnorðr á., north-west; norðr á., north;
landnorðr á., north-east; austr a., east; landsuðr á., south-east; suðr á.,
south; útsuðr á., south-west; vestr á., west; four of which (the compounds)
are subdivisions; átt is therefore freq. used of the four only, Loki görði
þar hús ok fjórar dyrr, at hann mátti sjá ór húsinu í allar áttir, ... to all
(i. e. four) sides, Edda 39: or it is used generally, from all sides, þá drífr
snær ór öllum áttum, Edda 40; drífa þeir til ór öllum áttum (= hvað-
anæva), Hkr. i. 33; norðrætt, Edda 4, 23; hence a mod. verb átta, að;
á. sik, to find the true quarter, to set oneself right, cp. Fr. s'orienter.
COMPDS: átta-skipan, f. a division of the átt, Sks. 37. átta-skipti,
n. id. átta-viltr, adj. bewildered.
ÁTTA, card, number [Sansk. ashtan; Goth, ahtau; Gr. GREEK ; Lat.
octo; A. S. eahta; Germ, acht], eight, Landn. 73, Edda 108.
áttandi and áttundi, old form átti, ord. number eighth, Lat. octavus;
við (hinn) átta mann, Landn. 304; hálfr átti tögr, Clem. 47; átti dagr
Jóla, Fms. iii. 137, Rb. 8, K. Á. 152, 218. The form áttandi occurs early,
esp. in Norse writers, N. G. L. i. 10, 348, 350, Sks. 692 B: in Icel. writers
with changed vowel áttundi, which is now the current form, Mar. 656 A. i,
Hkr. ii. 286, where the old vellum MS. Ó. H. 173 has átta.
áttar- (the compd form of ætt, a family), v. ætt.
átta-tigir (mod. áttatíu as an indecl. single word), eighty, Landn.
123, Edda 108; vide tigr.
átta-tugasti, the eightieth, Sturl. ii. 156 C, = áttugandi, q. v.
átt-bogi and ættbogi, a, m. lineage, Landn. 357, Eluc. 26, Stj. 425,
Fms. i. 287, Post. 686 B. 14.
átt-feðmingr, m. measuring eight fathoms, Vm. 80, Am. 60.
átt-hagi, a, m. one's native place, home, country, where one is bred and
born; í átthaga sinum, Ld. 40, Fs. 61: freq. in pl.
átt-hyrndr, adj. octagonal, Alg. 368.
átt-jörð and ættjörð, f. -- átthagi, Ísl. ii. 186, A. A. 252: in mod.
usage = Lat. patria, and always in the form ætt-.
átt-konr, m., poët. kindred, Ýt. 21.
átt-leggr and ættleggr, m. lineage, Stj. 44.
átt-lera, adj. degenerate, v. ættlera.
átt-mælt, n. adj. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each
being a separate sentence, Edda (Ht.) 125.
átt-niðr, m. kindred, Hým. 9.
átt-runnr, m., poët. kindred, Hým. 20.
átt-ræðr, adj. [for the numbers twenty to seventy the Icel, say tvítugr,
... sjautugr; but for eighty to one hundred and twenty, áttræðr, níræðr,
tíræðr, tólfræðr]. 1. temp, numbering eighty years of age, (hálf-
áttræðr, that of seventy-six to eighty): á. karl, an octogenarian, Ld. 150.
Eighty years of age is the terminus ultimus in the eyes of the law; an
octogenarian is no lawful witness; he cannot dispose of land or priest-
hood (goðorð) without the consent of his heir; if he marries without the
consent of his lawful heir, children begotten of that marriage are not to
inherit his property, etc.; ef maðr kvángast er á. er eðr ellri, etc., Grág. i.
178; á. maðr né ellri skal hvárki selja land né gorðorð undan erfingja sinum,
nema hann megi eigi eiga fyrir skuld, 224; ef maðr nefnir vátta ... mann
tólf vetra gamlan eðr ellra ... áttröðan eðr yngra, ii. 20. 2. loc.
measuring eighty fathoms (ells ...) in height, breadth, depth ...: also of a
ship with eighty oars [cp. Germ, ruder], Eg. 599, Vm. 108; vide áttærr.
átt-stafr, m., poët. kindred, Hkv. I. 54.
attugandi = áttatugasti, Stj. (MS. 227), col. 510.
áttungr, m. I. [atta], the eighth part of a whole, either as to
measure or number; cp. fjórðungr, þriðjungr, etc., Rb. 488; á. manna,
N. G. L. i. 5: as a Norse law term, a division of the country with regard to
the levy in ships, Gþl. 91, N. G. L. i. 135. II. [átt or ætt, familia],
poét. kindred, kinsman; Freys á., the poem Hlt., Edda 13, Ýt. 13, 14,
Al. 98 (esp. in pl.), v. Lex. Poët.: áttungs-kirkja, u, f. a church belong-
ing to an áttungr (in Norway), N. G. L. i. 8.
átt-vísi and ættvísi, f. genealogical knowledge or science, Skálda 161,
169, Bárð. 164, Bs. i. 91, Fms. vii. 102; the áttvísi formed a part of the
old education, and is the groundwork of the old Icel. historiography,
esp. of the Landnarna.
átt-æringr, m. an eight-oared boat (now proncd. áttahringr), Vm. 109.
átt-ærr, adj. [ár, remus], having eight oars, Eg. 142, 600 A.
át-vagl, in. a glutton, Germ. freszbauch.
á-valr, adj. round, sloping, semi-rotundus; cp. sívalr, rotundus [from
völr or from oval (?)]; it seems not to occur in old writers.
áv-alt and ávallt, adv. always, Lat. semper, originally of-allt (from
allr)= in all; but as early as the 12th century it was sounded as ofvalt or
ávalt, which may be seen from this word being used in alliteration to v in
poems of that time, þars á valt er vísir bjó, Kt. 16; vestu á valt at trausti,
Harmsól verse 59; styrktu of valt til verka, Leiðarv. 34 (the MS. reads
ávalt): even Hallgrim in the 17th century says, víst á valt þeim vana
halt | vinna, lesa ok iðja. In MSS. it is not unfreq. spelt ofvalt, as a single
word, e. g. Bs. i. 150-200; yet in very early times the word seems to have
assumed the present form ávalt, proncd. á-valt, as if from á and valr: ofalt,
of allt, Orkn. 90, Fms. v. 205, Fbr. 77, 87, Fær. 22: of valt, Eluc. 3, Bs. i.
349, Fms. v. 160: ávalt or ávallt, freq. in the old miracle book, -- Bs. i-335,
343, 344, 345, 351, Hom. MS. Holm. p. 3, Hoin. (MS. 619), 129, Grág.
(Kb.) 116, Landn. 86, Fms. xi. 112, etc. etc., -- through all the Sagas and
down to the present day: cp. the mod. alltaf (per metath.), adv. always.
á-vani, a, m. habits, (mod. word.)
á-vant, n. adj. in the phrase, e-s er á., wanted, needed, missed, Ld. 26,
Hkr. ii. 34, Korm. 92.
á-varðr, adj. [from á- intens. and verja, part, variðr, contr. varðr, pro-
tectus], an interesting old word; with dat., a. e-m, protected by one, but
only used of a man in relation to the gods, in the phrase, goðum ávarðr,
a client or darling of the gods, used as early as by Egil, Ad. 20, and also
three or four times in prose; at hann mundi Frey (dat.) svá a. fyrir
blótin, at hann mundi eigi vilja at freri á milli þeirra, Gísl. 32; skilja
þeir at þeir ern mjök ávarðir goðunum, Róm. 292; so also of God, ef
hann væri svá á. Guði, sem hann ætlaði, Bs. i. 464.
á-varp, n. (cp. verpa tölu á, to count): 1. a computation, calculation, in
round numbers; þat var á. manna, at fyrir Norðnesi mundi eigi færa falla
en þrjú hundruð manna, Fms. viii. 143, x. 64, 139; kallaðr ekki vænn maðr
at ávarpi flestra manna, in the suggestion, account of most people, Bs. i.
72. 2. in mod. usage, an address, accosting, Lat. allocutio; and ávarpa,
að, to address, Lat. alloqui; cp. the old phrase, verpa orði á e-n, alloqui.
á-vaxta, að, to make to wax greater, make productive: of money, a. fé,
to put out to interest, Nj. III: pass. -ask, to increase, Fms. i. 137, Stj. 12.
á-vaxtan, f. a making productive, Stj. 212.
ávaxt-lauss, adj. unproductive, barren, Al. 50.
á-vaxtsamligr, adj. (and -liga, adv.), productive, Hom. 10.
ávaxt-samr, adj. , productive, Stj. 77, 94: metaph., H. E. i. 513.
á-ván, f. (now ávæningr, m.), a faint expectation or hint; segja e-m
á. e-s, to give some hint about it, Grág. ii. 244.
á-veiðr, f. river fishery, D. I. i. 280.
á-verk, n. I. as a law term, a blow (drep); thus defined, -- þat
er drep annat er á. heitir ef maðr lýstr mann svá at blátt eðr rautt verðr
eptir, eðr þrútnar hörund eðr stökkr undan hold, eðr hrýtr ór munni eðr
ór nösum eðr undan nöglum, Grág. ii. 15; the lesser sort of drep (blow),