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baldrast and ballrast, að, dep. [cp. Germ. poltern; Ivar Aasen baldra,
Ihre ballra = strepere], to make a clatter; þeir sneru hestunum ok böld-
ruðust sem þeir væri úráðnir hvárt þeir skyldi ríða, Sturl. iii. 279: adding
saman, þeir böllruðust saman, Ingv. 34.
baldrekr, m. (for. word), a belt, baldrick, Lex. Poët.
BALI, a, m. a soft grassy bank, esp. if sloping down to the shore,
Grett. 116 A.
BALLR, adj. [Goth, balþs, audax, may be supposed from Jornandes,
ob audaciam virtutis baltha, id est audax, nomen inter suos acceperat,
109; Ulf. renders GREEK by balþis, f., and balþjan is audere; in Icel.
the lþ (lth) becomes ll; A. S. beald, audax; Engl. bold] :-- bard, stubborn:
only used in poetry, and not in quite a good sense, as an epithet of a
giant, Hým. 17; böll ráð, telling, fatal schemes, Hom. 27 ; ballir draumar,
bad, deadly dreams, Vtkv. I; ballr dólgr, Haustl.; böll þrá, heavy grief,
Ls. 39, etc., vide Lex. Poët. [So old German names, Bald, Leo- pold, etc.]
BALSAM, m. (now always n.), a balsam, Bs. i. 143, (for. word.)
bana, að, [bani; Gr. root (GREEK] , to kill, with dat., ef griðungr banar
manni, Grág. ii. 122, Rb. 370, Fms. iii. 124; b. sér sjálfr, to commit
suicide, Ver. 40; metaph., Hom. 17.
BAND, n. pl. bönd, [binda; Ulf. bandi, f. GREEK ; O. H. G. pfand,
whence the mod. Dan. pant; N. H. G. band; Engl. band and bond; Dan.
baand.] I. prop. in sing. any kind of band; mjótt band, a
thin cord, Edda 20, Grág. ii. 119. β. a yarn of wool, v. bandvetl-
ingar. γ. metaph. a bond, obligation; lausn ok b. allra vandamála,
Fms. v. 248, Bs. i. 689. II. in pl. also, 1. bonds, fetters,
Lat. vincula; í böndum, in vinculis, Bs. i. 190, Fms. ii. 87, 625. 95: theol.,
synda bönd, 656 A; líkams bönd, Blas. 40. 2. a bond, confederacy;
ganga í bönd ok eið, to enter into a bond and oath, Band. 22; cp.
hjónaband, marriage; handaband, a shaking of hands, etc. 3.
poët, the gods, cp. hapt; of providence ruling and uniting the world,
Hkm. 10; banda vé, the temples, Hkr. i. 204; at mun banda, at the will
of the gods, 210; vera manu bönd í landi, the gods (i. e. lares tutelares)
are present in the land, Bs. i. 10; gram reki bönd af löndum, Eg. (in a
verse); blóta bönd, to worship the gods; vinr banda, the friend of the
gods; bönd ollu því, the gods ruled it, Haustl.; vide Lex. Poët., all the
instances being taken from heathen poems. Egilsson suggests a refer-
ence to the imprisoning of the three gods, Odin, Hænir, and Loki, men-
tioned Edda 72; but bönd is that which binds, not is bound; (band
means vinculum not vinctus.) 4. metric, a kind of intricate intercalary
burden (klofastef). This seems to be the meaning in the word Banda-
drápa, where the burden consists of five intercalary lines occurring
in sets of three verses | Dregr land at mun banda || Eirikr und sik
geira | veðrmildr ok semr hildi || gunnblíðr ok réð síðan | jarl goðvörðu
hjarli; but as this metrical term is nowhere else recorded, the name of
the poem may have come from the word 'banda' (gen. pl. deorum),
Hkr. i. 210 sqq. COMPDS: banda-dagr, m. vincula Petri, the 1st of
August, Fms. vi. 222. banda-menn, m. pl. confederates, Band. 5,
and many other modern compds. banda-ríki, n. (mod.) the United
States. banda-þing, n. the late German Bund, etc.
banda, að, [cp. Ulf, bandvian = GREEK and bandva, vexillum;
Germ, banner; is probably alien to binda], to make a sign with the
hand, esp. in the phrase, b. móti, to drive back sheep or flocks, Háv. 41,
Fas. ii. 124, v.l. The chief MSS., however, spell bannaði; the word is
at present freq., but only in the above phrase, or gener. to remonstrate
slightly against as by waving the hand; v. benda.
bandingi, ja, m. a prisoner, Stj. 200, Fms. vi. 16, 623. 25.
band-vetlingr, m. a knitted woollen glove, Fms. iii. 176; and band-
vöttr, id., a horse's name, Gísl. 19.
BANG, n. hammering, Sturl. iii. 256; mod. also banga, að, [Scot.
and North. E. to bang], to hammer.
bang-hagr, adj. knowing a little how to use the hammer, Sturl. ii. 195.
BANI, a, m. [Ulf. banja = GREEK; A. S. bana; Engl. bane; O. H. G.
bano; v. ben below]. I. bane, death, natural or violent (properly
violent); Egill tók sótt þá er hann leiddi til bana, Eg. 767; lostinn öru
til bana, Fms. i. 118; kominn at bana, sinking fast, of a sick person, vii.
166. II. a bane, and so = bana-maðr, a slayer; fjögurra
manna b., Nj. 8, Grág. ii. 88, Ld. 326; pl., N. G. L. i. 163: the phrase,
verða e-m at bana, to slay one, may refer to I. or II: poët, fire is called
bani viðar, the bane of wood, and bani Hálfs, the bane of king Half, Ýt. 6;
the winter is bani orma, the bane of worms, etc., Lex. Poët. COMPDS:
bana-blóð, n. blood shed in death, Stj. 432. bana-dagr, m. the
day of death, Fas. i. 52. bana-drykkr, m. a baneful potion, poison,
Fms. i. 18. bana-dægr, n. =banadagr (freq.), Fas. i. 160. bana-
högg, n. a death-blow, mortal wound, Nj. 8, Eg. 193. bana-
kringla, u, f. vertebra colli, atlas (in animals). bana-lag, n.
stabbing to death, Sturl. iii. 62. bana-maðr, m. a slayer, Fms. i.
215. bana-orð, n. death, in the phrase, bera b. af e-m, to put one to
death, slay in fight, Edda 42; betra þykir mér frændi at þiggja b. af þér
en veita þér þat, Ld. 222, Bs. i. 106; kenna e-m b., to charge one with
slaying one, N. G. L. i. 306. bana-ráð, n. pl. the planning a person's
death, a law term, Grág. ii. 116; eigi réð ek honum b., Nj. 21; slá
banaráðum við e-n, Ld. 218. bana-sár, n. a mortal wound, Nj. 9,
Eg. 258. bana-skot, n. a mortal shot, Jb. 324. bana-sótt, f.
death-sickness, the last sickness, Jb. 192, Ísl. ii. 38, Gullþ. II, Bs. i. 426.
bana-spjót, n. pl. in the poët, phrase, berast banaspjótum eptir, to be
deadly enemies, Glúm. 354, Hkr. iii. 76. bana-sæng, f. the death-bed.
bana-sök, f. a deed worthy of death, Fms. i. 199. bana-tilræði, n. a
mortal attack, Fas. i. 406. bana-þúfa, u, f., in the phrase, drepa fótum
í banaþúfu, to stumble against a fatal mound, Anal. 179, Hdl. 28.
banlaga-ráð, n. = banaráð, Str. 14.
BANN, n. [cp. Ulf. bandva; Hel. bann, mandatum; Engl. ban; Germ.
bann; A. S. geban; mid. Lat. bannum] , prob. of foreign origin: 1.
eccles. excommunication, interdict; minna b. (excommunicatio minor), þat
sem forboð er kallat á Norrænu, K. Á. 226 (App.); meira b. (excommuni-
catio major), Ann. A. D. 1255; England í banni, id. A. D. 1208; Bs., H. E.
several times. 2. in secular sense, prohibition of trade or intercourse;
leggja b. fyrir mjöl eðr vöru, N. G. L. i. 204, 103; cp. farbann, forbid-
ding ships to set sail. 3. gener. a protest, prohibition, in phrases,
boð ok b., Gþl. 76; lof né b., Eg. 349; leggja b. fyrir, to prohibit, Ísl.
ii. 265. 4. =bannan, a curse, swearing. The notion of jurisdic-
tion common in Germany (v. Grimm) is unknown in the Scandin. idioms;
yet the Laufás' Edda, Ed. A. M. i. 586, v.l. 14, has bann as one of
the names of the earth, cp. the O. H. G. banz, regio. The passage Gísl.
16, náttlangt né lengra banni, is an GREEK and probably corrupt, = á
lengr or the like; lengra banni might, however, be equivalent to lengra
meli, bann here denoting spatium temporis, a while. COMPDS: banns-
atkvæði, n. a sentence of excommunication, H. E. i. 465. banns-
áfell and -áfelli, n. the condemnation of excommunication, H. E. ii. 70.
banns-dómr, m. a ban-doom, sentence of excommunication, H. E. ii.
74. banns-mál, n. a case liable to excommunication, H.E. i. 254.
banns-pína, u, f. the punishment of excommunication, H. E. i. 477.
banns-spjót, n. a spear of excommunication, H. E. ii. 77. banns-
verk, n. an act liable to excommunication, H. E. i. 390.
banna, að, [A. S. bannan =jubere; Germ, bannen; mid. Lat. bannire] , to
forbid, hinder, prohibit (freq.); b. e-m e-t, or with infin., Fms. i. 254,
Nj. 157, Ld. 256, Orkn. 4; b. fiskiför, Grág. ii. 350, N. G. L. i. 117. 2.
to curse, [Scot, ban], with dat., Stj. 37: with acc., Hom. 31, Stj. 199,
Post. 656 A, ii. 12: reflex., bannast um, to swear, Sturl. ii. 126, Fms.
viii. 174. 3. = banda, to stop, drive back; hann sá tröll við ána,
þat b. honum, ok vildi taka hann, Fas. ii. 124.
bannan, f. swearing, Bs. ii. 134. bannanar-orð, n. id., Stj. 153.
bann-bóla, u, f. a bull of excommunication, Anecd. 8.
bann-færa, ð, to place under ban, K. Á. 134, Sturl. ii. 3.
bann-setja, tt, id., K. Á. 64, Sturl. ii. 3, H. E. i. 471; part. pass, under
ban, accursed, Fas. iii. 423, Stj. 417.
bann-setning, f. an excommunication, Sturl. ii. 3. bannsetningar-
sverð, n. the sword of excommunication, H. E.
bann-syngja, söng, to pronounce the ban of excommunication, Fms.
ix. 486.
ban-orð, n. = banaorð, Fms. x. 400, Bret. 76.
ban-væni, f., medic, prognosis mortis, Fcl. ix.
ban-vænligr, adj. mortal, deadly, Bret. 56, Edda 154.
ban-vænn, adj. deadly, Eg. 34. 2. medic, deadly sick, just before
death; ok er dró at því at hann (the sick) var b., when all hope of life
was gone, Eg. 126, Fms. i. 86; snerist um allt sárit svá at Grettir görðist
b., Grett. 153.
BARAR, mod. börur, f. pl. [A. S. bär; Hel. bara; Engl. bier and
barrow; Lat. feretrum], a hand-bier; borinn í börum um fjallit, Fms.
vii. 9, Bs. i. 352: sometimes to be carried on horseback (by two horses),
báru þeir Guðmund í börum suðr til Hvítár, ... bararnar hrutu ofan,
Bs. i. 508 (Sturl. ii. 49 C spells barir): esp. the funeral bier, hearse, to
be carried on horseback, lagði þegar kistuna í bunar barar, 655 xxii, Fms.
x. 149; mæddust hestarnir undir börunum, Finnb. 322, cp. líkbörur; now
also liggja á nátrjám (nátré) in like sense. The sing, in D. N. i. no. 70
is perh. a bad reading.
bar-axlaðr, adj. part, high-shouldered, with sharp prominent shoulder
bones, Fms. vii. 321.
bar-átta, u, f. [North. E. barett obsolete], gener. a fight, contest: α.
a row, Gþl. 176. β. a fight, battle, Fas. i. 26. γ. now freq., esp. =
strife, contest. COMPDS: baráttu-maðr, m. a warrior, þiðr. 67.
baráttu-samr, adj. troublesome, Barl. 137.
barberr, m. (for. word), a barber, N. G. L. iii. no. 15.
BARÐ, n. [identical in etymology but not in sense to Lat. barba,
Engl. beard, Germ, bart; the Scandin. dialects all call the beard skegg;
Swed. skägg; Dan. skjœg; barð in the sense of barba is quite alien from
the Scandin. idioms; the passages, Edda 109 (skegg heitir barð) and
höggva börðum í gras, Id. UNCERTAIN 12, a poem of the end of the 13th century,
are isolated instances: bart in Dan. is a mod. word] :-- Lat. ora,
margo: α. a brim of a helmet or hat (hjálmbarð, hattbarð), Fas. iii.
341. β. the verge, edge of a hill (holtbarð, túnbarð, brekkubarð,
hólbarð, etc.), freq. in local names of farms in Icel. γ. the wing or
side fin of some fishes, e. g. whales, cp. barðhvalr; of flat fishes, raja