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215, Orkn. 324, of one shipwrecked; b. úti, of cattle, to graze, N. G. L. i. 25; b. sjálfr, to gain one's bread, Grág. i. 294; b. á sínar hendr (spýtur), to support oneself with one's own hands, Fms. ii. 159: of food or drink, cp. bergja; Snorri goði fann, at nafni hans bargst lítt við ostinn, that he got on slowly eating the cheese, Eb. 244; hann spurði, hví hann byrgist svá lítt (v. l. mataðist svá seint), ... why he ate so slowly, id.; verði þér nú at bjargast við slíkt sem til er, you must put up with what you can get, Germ. für lieb nehmen, Eg. 204; hon bað fyrir þær matar ok burgust þær við þat, Clem. 26; hon bjargaðist (= bargst) lítt við þá fæðu er til var, she could hardly eat the food they had (v. l. hjúkaðist), Fs. 174. Part. borginn, used as adj. and even in compar.; impers., erat héra (héri = hegri = duck) at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, the drake is none the better off though a hen shield him, metaph. of a craven, Fs. 174, Fms. vii. 116: [Early Engl. to borrow = to save, 'who borrowed Susanna out of wo,' Sir Guy of Warwick.]
bjarg-aurar, m. pl. = bjargálnir, Mag. 160.
bjarg-álnir, f. pl. means enough for support, bjargálna-maðr, m. a well-to-do man.
bjarg-festr, f. a rope or cord used to save men, Vm. 44.
bjarg-hagr, adj. a dexterous carpenter or smith for household work, Glúm. 355; cp. Sturl. ii. 195.
bjarg-högg, n. = berghögg, hewing rocks to make a road, Bárð. 166.
bjarg-kviðr, m. a law term, a verdict of acquittal given by five neighbours for the defendant, proving an alibi or the like, and produced during the trial; the b. seems to be, in its strict sense, synonymous with heimiliskviðr or heimiskviðr, q.v., cp. Grág, i. 60, 61, where it is defined; fimm búar skulu skilja um bjargkviðu alla, heimilis-búar þess manns er sóttr er, nema ..., vide also 48, 49, 53, 55, 56, etc.
bjarg-leysi, n. starvation, destitution, Grág. i. 238, Gþl. 272, Band. 43.
bjarg-ráð, n. pl. a law term, help or shelter given to an outlaw, in the phrase, úalandi, úráðandi öllum bjargráðum, Grág. ii. 162, etc., Nj. 40.
bjarg-rifa, u, f. a rift in a rock, Eg. 390, Stj. 450.
bjarg-rúnar, f. pl. runes for helping women in labour, Sdm. 9.
bjarg-rýgr, jar, f. pl. ir, a Norse law term, a female witness in a case of paternity, defined, N. G. L. i. 358.
bjarg-ræði, n. and bjargræðisvegir, m. pl. means for support.
bjarg-skora, u, f. a scaur or scar on a hill, Anal. 177, Ann. 1403, Hkr. iii. 323.
bjargs-maðr, m. a hard-working man, Bs. i. 309.
bjarg-snös, f. = bergsnös, a crag. Fas. i. 324, Eg. 389, v.l.
bjarg-vel, adv. well enough, Fms. viii. 68, 126, v.l.
bjarg-vættr, f. (in mod. usage m.), [bjarg, mons, or bjarga, servare], a helping friendly sprite, a good genius, answering to the Christian good angel; according to the heathen belief, the country, esp. hills and mountains, were inhabited by such beings; in the northern creed the bjargvætter are generally a kind of giant of the gentler kind: in mod. usage, a supporter, helper in need; muntu verða mér hinn mesti (masc.) b., Fas. ii. 438, vellum MS. of 15th century; en mesta (fem.) b., Bárð. 168, new Ed. 12.
bjarg-þrota, adj. destitute of means to live.
BJARKAN, n. the Runic letter B, Skálda, v. Introduction.
BJARKEY-, in the word bjarkeyjar-réttr, m. town-law, used as opposed to landslög or landsréttr, county-law, Sks. 22; sökin veit til landslaga en eigi til bjarkeyjarréttar, Fms. vii. 130; vide N. G. L. i. 303-336. It is an illustration of this curious word, that the Danes at present call a justice 'birkedommer,' and the district 'birk;' cp. local names, as in Sweden,--in Birchâ civitate regiâ, Johann. Magnus 542 (Ed. 1554); civitas Birchensis, 556; in Birchâ civitate tum maxima, 541; in Norway, Bjarkey is one of the northern islands, whence the famous Norse family Bjarkeyingar took their name; v. Munch, the pref. to Norge's Beskrivelse. Etym. uncertain; hedged in with birch (?).
BJARMI, a, m. the beaming or radiance of light, not the light itself; sólar-bjarmi, dags-bjarmi; very freq. in mod. usage; no instances from old writers are on record; akin to brími, bjartr, etc. II. pl. Bjarmar (and Bjarmaland n., bjarmskr adj.), name of a people or tribe of the Russian empire, the Perms of the present day; vide K. Alfred's Orosius i. 1, 14 sq., Ó. H. ch. 122, Fas. ii. 511 sqq.
bjarnar-, v. björn.
bjarn-báss, m. a pit for catching bears, Gþl. 457; used proverb., Hkr. i. 235.
bjarn-dýri, and mod. bjarndýr, n. a bear, Fms. vi. 298, Nj. 35, Fs. 27, 148, 182.
bjarn-eggjan, f. the egging a bear on to figbt, a Norse law term, of a brutal provocation, N. G. L. i. 74.
bjarn-feldr, m. a bear's fell, bear-skin cloak, Vm. 91, Pm. 120, Jm. 28.
bjarn-fell, n. id., Vm. 22, Ám. 81.
bjarn-gjöld, n. pl. 'bear-gild,' reward for killing a bear, Fs. 150.
bjarn-húnn, m. a young bear, Þórð. 17 (Ed. 1860).
bjarn-ígull, m. echinus terrestris urseus, Rb. 348, Hb. 29 (Ed. 1865).
bjarn-ólpa, u, f. an outer jacket of bear-skin, Korm. 114.
bjarn-skinn, n. a bear-skin, B. K. 83, Ld. 114, Korm. 112.
bjarn-staka, u, f. a bear-skin, Edda (pref.) 151.
bjarn-sviða, u, f. a large knife for killing bears, Eb. 298, Fas. iii. 546.
bjarn-veiðar, f. pl. bear-hunting. N. G. L. i. 46.
bjarn-ylr, s, m. bear's warmth, the vital warmth of an ice-bear; it was believed in Icel. (vide Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 610) that a child born on the hide of an ice-bear would be proof against frost and cold; people hardy against cold are therefore said 'to have bear's warmth' (bjarnyl), vide Háv. 39.
bjart-eygr and -eygðr, adj. bright-eyed, Fms. iv. 38, Bs. i. 66, Hkr. iii. 184, Ó. H. 245.
bjart-haddaðr, adj. a fair-haired lady, Lex. Poët.
bjart-leikr, in. brightness, Hom. 60, Rb. 336, Fms. i. 228, Magn. 468.
bjart-leitr, adj. of bright countenance, bright-looking, Fms. v. 319.
bjart-liga, adv. (and -ligr, adj.), clearly, Stj. 26.
bjart-litaðr, adj. = bjartleitr, Hkv. Hjörv. 27.
BJARTR, adj. [Ulf. bairts = GREEK; A. S. beorht; Engl. bright; Hel. berht; in Icel. per metath. bjartr; cp. birti, etc.], bright; Lat. clarus is rendered by bjartr, Clar. 128; bjart ljós, Fms. i. 96; bjart tunglskin, Nj. 118; sólskin, Fms. ii. 300; veðr, i. 128: of hue, complexion, b. líkami, Hkr. iii. 179, Nj. 208; hönd, Bb. 3. 20. 2. metaph. illustrious; með b. sigri, Fms. x. 253; in a moral sense, Stj. 141.
bjart-viðri, n. bright weather, Bárð. 175.
BJÁLFI, bjálbi, a, m. a fur, skin, Fms. v. 207, 236; esp. in the cornpds hrein-bjálfi, geit-bjálbi, flug-bjiálbi, Haustl. 12. Etym. uncertain, perh. a Slav. word. 2. used as a pr. name, Landn.
BJÁLKI, a, m. [Hel. balco; Swed. and Dan. bjelke; Germ, balke; prob. akin to bálkr], a balk, beam, Gþl. i. 346.
BJOÐA, bauð, buðu, boðit; pres. byð; pret. subj. byða; pret. sing, with the suffixed negative, bauðat, Edda 90 (in a verse); the obsolete middle form buðumk, mibi obtulit, nobis obtulerunt, occurs in Egil Höfuðl. 2; [Ulf. biudan; A. S. biodan; Engl. bid; Germ. bieten; Swed. biuda; Dan. byde] :-- Lat. offerre, proferre, with dat. of the person, acc. of the thing: I. to bid, offer; þeir höfðu boðit honum laun, they had offered him rewards, Fms. i. 12; Þorsteinn bauð at gefa Gunnlaugi hestinn, Ísl. ii. 213; b. grið, to offer pardon, Fms. i. 181; þeir buðu at gefa upp borgina, ix. 41; bauð hann þeim, at göra alla bændr óðalborna, i. 20; býðr, at hann muni görast hans maðr, xi. 232; en ek býð þér þó, at synir mínir ríði með þér, Nj. 93; Írar buðu sik undir hans vald, Fms. x. 131. 2. reflex, to offer oneself, volunteer one's service; buðusk honum þar menn til fylgðar, Fms. ix. 4; mun ek nú til þess bjóðask í sumar á þingi, Ld. 104, Sks. 510; þeim er þá býðsk, Grág. i. 284; Þóroddr bauðsk til þeirrar farar, Hkr. ii. 247; ef þú býðsk í því, Fms. xi. 121. 3. metaph., b. ófrið, ójöfnuð, rangindi, liðsmun, of ill usage, Ld. 148, Rb. 418; b. e-m rangt, to treat one unjustly, Hom. 155: with an adverb, b. e-m sæmiliga, to treat one in seemly sort, Ld. 66; b. á boð e-s, to outbid one, N. G. L. iii. no. 49. II. to bid, invite, cp. boð, a banquet; prob. ellipt., hospitality or the like being understood; Özurr bauð þeim inn í búðina at drekka, Nj. 4; heim vil ek b. þér í sumar, 93; honum var boðit til boðs, 50; hann bauð þá þegar þar at vera Gizuri Hallssyni, Bs. i. 128; gékk Bárðr móti honum ok fagnaði honum, ok bauð honum þar at vera, Eg. 23; b. mönnum til boðs, to bid guests to a banquet, wedding, or the like, Ld. 104. III. to bid, order, Lat. imperare, cp. boð, bidding; sem lög buðu, as the law prescribed, Fms. i. 81; svá bauð oss Guð, Post. 645. 88; b. af landi, to order one out of the land, make him an outlaw, Fms. vii. 20; b. af embætti, to depose, Sturl. ii. 119; b. út, a Norse milit. term, to call out, levy, cp. útboð, a levy; b. út leiðangri, b. út liði, skipum, to levy troops, ships, Fms. i. 12, 61, vi. 219, 251, 400, x. 118, Eg. 31, cp. N. G. L. i. ii; b. e-m crendi, to commit a thing to one's charge, Fms. vii. 103; b. varnað á e-u, or b. til varnanar, to forbid, xi. 94, Edda 59: with prepp., b. e-m um (cp. umboð, charge), to delegate to one, commit to one's charge; þeim manni er biskup hefir um boðit, at nefna vátta, K. Þ. K. 64; þess manns er biskup bauð um at taka við fé því, K. Á. 96, Sks. 460 B; hann keypti til handa Þorkatli þá hluti er hann hafði um boðit, the things that he had given charge about, Grett. 102 A; Hermundr bauð nú um Vermundi, at vera fyrir sína hönd, Rd. 251. 2. eccl. to proclaim, announce, esp. as rendering of mid. Lat. praedicare; b. sið, trú, Kristni, to proclaim, preach a new religion, Nj. 156, 158, Fms. i. 32; b. messudag, sunnudag, to proclaim a holy day, N. G. L. i. 348. IV. of a mental state, to bode, forebode; e-m býðr hugr (cp. hugboð, foreboding), one's heart bodes, Fms. v. 38, 24, Eg. 21; mér býðr þat eitt í skap (my heart bodes), at þú verðir meira stýrandi en nú ertu, Bs. i. 468; mér byðr þat fyrir, which makes me forbode, Fms. ii. 193; e-m býðr hugr við (whence viðbjóðr, dislike), to abhor, dislike; er honum hafði lengi hugr við boðit, Bs. i. 128. 2. impers., mér býðr ávallt hita (acc.) er ek kem í þeirra flokk, a boding comes over me, i.e. I feel uneasy, whenever ..., Fms. iii. 189; mér bauð ótta (acc.), I felt a thrilling, Bs. i. 410; b. úþekt, to loathe, Grett. 111 A; b. þekt, to feel pleasure; bauð þeim mikla þekt er þeir sá líkit, Bs. i. 208: the phrase, e-m býðr við at horfa, of a frame of mind, to be so and so minded; miklir eru þér frændr borði, ef yðr býðr svá við at horfa, Band. 7 (MS. 2845). β. the phrase, þat býðr, it