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dimma, u, f. dimness, darkness, esp. of clouds, nightfall; seglið bar í
fjarðar-dimmuna, Espol. Ârb. I. e.: metaph. gloom, Pass. 4. ii; the
phrase, dimmu dregr a e-t, it becomes clouded, looks threatening, Band. IO.
dimm-hljóðr, adj. -- -dimmraddaðr, Fas. ii. 231.
DIMMR, adj. [A. S. and Engl. dim~] , dim, dark, dusky; d. ok dökt
sky, a dim and dark sky, Fms. xi. 136; verða dimt fyrir augun), t o s ee
dimly, esp. of sudden changes from darkness to light, iii. 217; var dimt
hit neðra, dark below, Háv. 40; d. himin, Matth. xvi. 3; harla dimt var
af nott, Pass. II. I; dimm nótt, a dark night; d. stigr, a dim path, Fms.
i. 140; dimt el, a dark storm, Úlf. 7. 63; d. regn, Lex. Poët.; d. dreki,
the du s ky dragon, Vsp. 66. |3. of voice, hollow, Ísl. ii. 467; vide the
following word.
dimm-raddaðr, adj. deep-voiced, Grett. ill.
dimm-viðri, n. d ar k, cloudy weather.
dindill, m. the tail of a seal.
dingla, að, to dangle; dingull, m. a small spider, cp. dor-dingull.
dirfa, ð, (vide djarfr), to dare, always with the reflex, pronoun
separated or suffixed, dirfask or d. sik, with infin. to dare, Fms. xi. 54,
ísi. ii. 331; d. sik til e-s, to t a ke a thing to heart, Al. 88, 656 A. I. 36:
reflex., dirfask, to dare; bændr dirfðusk mjok við Birkibeina, became
bold, impudent, Fms. ix. 408; er þeir dirfðusk at hafa með höndum hans
píslar-mark, vii. 195; engi maðr dirfðisk at kveðia þess, i. 83, K. Á. 114;
dirfask í e-u, þá dirfðumk ek í ræðu ok spurningum, 7 grew more bold in
Speech. Sks. 5.
dirfð, f. boldness, often with the notion of impudence, arrogance, Eg. 47,
Glúm. 309, Fms. iv. 161, xi. 54, Post. 645. 71; of-dirfð, impudence.
dirfska, u, f. = dirfð; of-dirfska, temerity.
DISKR, m. [a for. word: from Gr. oiaicos; Lat. discus; A. S. and Hel.
di sc; Engl. d es k and di s k; Germ, tis c h] :-- a plate; þá vóru öngir diskar,
Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 337, O. H. L. 36, Fms. i. 259, Bs. i. 475; silfr-d.,
gull-d., silver and gold plate are mentioned as a present given to a king,
O. H. 154, cp. Fb. iii. 332; both the words used in this sense, diskr and
skutill (Lat. scuiellum, Germ, schüssel) are of for. origin; cp. also Rm. 4,
39: in the earliest times small movable tables also served as plates.
dispensera, að, to dispense (Lat. word), H. E. i. 510.
dispenseran, f. dispensing, Stj., Bs.
disputa, disputera, að, to dispute (Lat. word), Stj.
díametr, n. diameter (Gr. word), 732. 7-
DÍAR, in. pl. [the Icel. has two words, but both of them poetical and
obsolete, viz. diar answering, by the law of Interchange, to Gr. Oeos (Icel.
d -- Gr. 0), and tivar, by the same law, to Lat. de!/s (Icel. t- Lat. d);
cp. Sansk. devas, Gr. oefos, Lat. dîvus, Ital. di o, Fr. die?/] :-- ^o ds or
priests; this word occurs onlv twice, Yngl. S. ch. 2 -- þat var þar siðr, at
tólf hofgoðar vóru æðstir, skyídu þeir ráða fyrir blótum ok dómum manna
í milli; þat eru díar kallaðir eðr drottnar, -- where diar means not the godi
themselves but the priests; and by the old poet Kormak in an obscure
periphrasis, in a poem addressed to the staunch heathen earl Sigurd; Snorri
(Edda 96), in quoting Kormak, takes the word to mean ^o d s; but the
version given in Yngl. S. seems more likely; the diar of the Yngl. S. were
probably analogous to the Icel. goði, from goð (deus). The age of Kor-
mak shews that the word was probably not borrowed from the Latin.
dígull, m. [deig]. I. the mucus of the nose; d. er horr, Edda
(Lauf.), Lex. Poët.; hence hor-digull, Fas. ii. 149; mod. hor-dingull, as
if it were from dingla. II. [Swed. -Dan. digel; Germ, tiegef] , a
crucible; hence poet., gold is called digul-farmr, digul-snjór, -jökull, the
l on d, snow, icicle of the crucible, Lex.
DÍKI and dik, n. [Germ, tei c h], a dike, ditch, Eg. 529-531, Hkr.
iii. 154, Jb. 245, Grett. 161, Fms. iii. 187, vi. 406, 0. H. 21 (in a verse),
Orkn. 452; dikis-bokki, a, in. aneel, poet., Kormak.
DÍLI, a, m. a s pot, mark; alloðin nenia d. undir vinstri hendi, Fms. iii.
125. P. esp. medic., b. dila, to burn with caustic; this operation
was in olden times performed (caustic being unknown) with a pointed
hot iron, and is described in an interesting passage in Bs. i. 379, cp. also
Rafns S. ch. 4, Bs. i. 644, Nj. 209. -y. a brand (on thieves), esp. on
the back (v. brenna); fyrr skulu grónir grautar-dílarnir á hálsi þór, þeir
er þú brant... en ek myna gipta þér systur mína, Eb. 210, Hkr. iii. 148,
Fbr. 190; vide brenna.
DÍS, f., pl. disir, and an older but obsolete form jó-dís, which remains
in the earliest poems, jódís (the sister of) úlfs ok Nara = 7/ ela, Ýt. 7;
but Loga dis, the sister of Logi, 9; cp. Edda 109: it also remains in
the Icel. fern. pr. name Jódís, -- the explanation given in Skálda 183
(from jór, equus, and dis) has no philological value, being only the poet's
fancy: [Hel. idis = virgo; A. S. ides; Grimm ingeniously suggests that
the Idistaviso in Tacitus may be corrupt for Idisiaviso, the virgin-
mead, from idi s and visa = Germ, w ie s e.] I. a sister, Ýt. I. e.;
heitir ek systir, dis, jodis, a sister is called dis a nd jódís, Edda 109;
dis skjöldunga, the sister of kings, Bkv. 14. II. generally a
goddess or priestess (?), a female guardian-angel, who follows every
man from his birth, and only leaves him in the hour of death, cp.
the very interesting passages, Hallfr. S. Fs. 114, þorst. Síðu H. Anal. 184,
185, Gísl., Fms. ii. 192-195 (cp. Nj. 148); hence the phrase, ek kveð
aflima orðnar þér disir, the disir have left thee, tbou art a lost matt,
Am. 26; cp. also the phrase, heillum horfinn. 2. poet, a maid in
general, Lex. Poët. 3. freq. in Icel. as a fern. pr. name, in compds,
Jó-dís, Her-dís, Val-dís, Vig-dís, Hjör-dís, etc. COMPDS: dísa-blót,
n. a sacrifice to the disir, Eg. 205, Yngl. S. ch. 33. disa-salr, m. th e
temple of the disir, Yngl. S. ch. 33, Hervar. S. Fas. i. 454. disa-skald,
n. the ' disir-Scald, ' surname of a heathen Icel. poet who composed a
poem in honour of the disir, Edda, Skáldat.
dívisera, að, to distribute (Lat. word), Stj. 42, 80.
djarf-leikr, m. (-leiki, a, m.), courage, Edda 16, Fs. 6, Jjiðr. 273.
djarf-ligr, adj. bold, daring, Fb. i. 380, 445. djarf-liga, adv., Fms.
i. 27, ix. 302, Nj. 48, Ld. 214.
djarf-mannligr (djarfa-mannligr), adj. daring, Bárð. 164.
djarf-mæltr, adj. bold-spoken, Nj. 6, Fms. xi. 53.
DJARFRj adj. [cp. dirfa above; Hel. derbi or derui -- audax, im-
probus; mod. High Germ, derb -- hard is a different word, answering to
A. S. \*eorf, and originally meant unleavened (of bread); kindred words
are, Engl. dare, daring, Gr. öappeíV] :-- bold, daring, but also in a bad
sense, audacious, impudent; d. í orrustum, bold in battle, Edda 16; d.
ok dularfullr, impudent and arrogant, Fms. i. 75; at Ólafr digri mundi
eigi svá d. vera at..., sofoolishly daring, iv. 107; nú ver eigi síðan
svá d., at þú talir ósæmilig orð við Harald, be not so presumptuous as to
speak unseeming words to Harold, vii. 168; firna djörf kona ertii ok
heimsk, impudent and foolish, xi. 54; djarfastr (boldest) ok bezt hugaðr,
Edda 16; víg-djarfr, sókn-djarfr, hug-djarfr, valiant; u-djarfr, s h y.
djarf-tækr, adj. bold in taking, Stj. 422 (of Ruth gleaning).
djákn, m. (djákni, a, m., Sturl. i. 180 C), the Lat. diaconus, a deacon,
Dipl. v. 22, Bs., K. Á., K. þ. K., Vm., etc.
djásn, n. a diadem, D. N. i, 321, 590, etc. (freq. in mod. use); prob.
a foreign word, though the root is uncertain.
djúp, n. the deep; í djúpum vatna, in the depths of the waters, Sks.
628; mikit djúp (a great gulf) á milli vor staðfest, Luke xvi. 26;
at eigi svelgi oss djúpit, 655 xxxii; djúp árinnar, the channel in a river,
Fas. i. 151. p. the deep sea off the shore is called djúp; kastaði
hann öxinni fyrir borð á djúpi, Eg. 196; síðan býr Agnarr sik til ok kafar
í djúpit, Fas. i. 27: the fishers distinguish between grunn-mið and djiip-
mið, vide mið; Icel. also say, hundrað, sextigi... faðma djúp: a large bay
may be called djup, e. g. ísafjarðar-djúp, Landn. 147; sjúvar-djúp, hafs-
djúp, the main; hann lot grafa út d. (a ' deep, ' i. e. channel) við Skeljastein,
Fms. x. 153. Y- nietaph., eilift d., 656 6. 9: eccl. used of God, d.
miskunnar, gæzku, depth of mercy, grace, etc.; cp. dýpt, dýpl.
djúp-auðigr or -úðigr, adj. the cognom. of Auda, Landn.; it probably
means the wise, deep.
djúp-fyndni, f. ' deep-finding, ' wit, ingenuity, Pass. 21. 3. djúp-
fundinn, part. ' deep-found, ' ingenious, Króka Refs R. 4. 2.
djúp-hugsaðr, adj. deep-musing, Sturl. ii. 202.
djúp-hyggja, u, f. (-hyggni, f.), sagacity, Fagrsk. 32.
djúp-leiki (-leikr), a, m. depth, Magn. 514, Karl. 394.
djúp-ligr, adj. (-liga, adv.), deep, deeply, Sks. 552.
DJÚPR, adj., compar. djúpari, superl. djúpastr; djúpust, Greg. 62;
djúpari (fern.), Eg. 99; djiipara, Ld. 78; djúpastan, Edda 34; djúpasti,
Hom. 144; but in mod. use more freq. dy'pri, dýpstr: [Goth. djûps; A. S.
and Hel. diop; Engl. deep; Germ, tie/; Swed. d/w p; Dan. dyb] :-- deep, of
water; d. vatn, Grág. ii. 131; d. tjörn, Greg. 62; í hinn djúpa sæ, Edda 18,
Sturl. ii. 202; djúp á, Eg. 99: of other things, a dale, pit, etc., djúpr dalr,
Fms. i. 210, Edda 34; dökkva dala ok djiipa, 38; djúpar grafir (pits), Sks.
426; d. pyttr, Hom. 144: of a vessel (the ark), 625. 7; djúpt sár, a deep
so re, i. e. wound, Dropl. 29; d. höttr, a deep hat, coming down over the
eyes, Fms. viii. 368; d. hver, a deep kettle, Hy'm. 5. p. neut. as^dv.
deep, deeply; bitu hvelin djnpt í jörðina, Al. 140. 2. metaph., d,
tákn, Hom. 134. heavy, severe, d. laun, loo: the phrase, leggjaskdjúpt, to
dive deep, Nj. 102: in mod. usage freq. in a metaph. sense, deep, profound.
djúp-ráðigr and -ráðr, adj. deep-counselling, Jjiðr. 135, Fagrsk. 32.
djúp-ræði, n. deep-scheming, Fagrsk. 32, v. 1.
djúp-settr, adj. deep, deep-laid; d. ráð, Magn. 466, Fas. iii. 218; d.
orð, Stj. 4; d. maðr, a deep man, Fms. xi. 44.
djúp-skygn, adj. (-skygni, f.), deep-seeing.
djúp-sæi, f. the seeing deep, profoundness, Stj. 560.
djúp-sær (-sæligr), adj. seeing deep, penetrating, Eb. 224, Sks. 552.
djúp-úðigr, adj. [A. S. deop-hydig] , deep-minded.
djúp-vitr, adj. deeply wise, Orkn. 230, Fas. iii. 53.
DJÖFULL, m., dat. djöfli, pl. lar; [Gr. SmfloAos; eccl. Lat. diabolus;
A. S. de o/o l; Engl. devil; Germ, teufel; Swed. djefvul; Dan. djcevel;
the nearest to the Icel. is the A. S. form, which shews that the word
came from England with Christianity; of course in the old Saga time
the word was almost unknown; the evil spirits of the heathens were
trolls and giants] :-- a devil, Nj. 273, Fms. ii. 184; but in Bs., Fms.
viii. sqq., the legendary Sagas, etc. it is freq. enough: as a term of abuse,
Sturl. ii. 115, Fms. viii. 95, 368, ix. 50; djöfla-blót (vide blot), Mart.
115; djöfla-mót, meeting of d., Greg. 51; djofuls-kr*ptr, devil's craft,
diabolical power, Fms, x. 283, Fas. i. 254.