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forði, a, m. respite; skammr f., a short respite, Fms. viii. 154, v.l.: in mod. usage, stores, viands; lífs f., what supports life, a livelihood, -- this sense seems not to occur in old writers; hence forða-búr, n. a store-house.
for-djarfa, að, [Germ. verderben], to disgrace, Art. 73, Fas. iii. 289: reflex. to disgrace oneself, Stj. 144, H. E. i. 514: mod. to spoil, destroy.
for-djörfun, f. destruction.
for-drífa, dreif, [Germ. vertreiben], to drive away, Clar. 19, Fb. i. 402.
forðum, adv. [akin to fjörð, q.v.], aforetime, formerly, once, erst, Stj. 121, Fms. x. 413, Sks. 108; forðum daga, in former days, Fms. i. 141, ii. 183, vi. 38; ungr var ek forðum, young was I once, Hm. 46: freq. in mod. usage, but esp. in the sense of yore, in days of old; the saying, þrysvar varð allt forðum, Sturl. iii. 253; cp. 'all good things come in threes.'
for-dúkr, m. a curtain, Vm. 10, 22, 29.
for-dyktr, adj. equipt, Fms. x. 139, (for. word.)
for-dyld, f. [dul], conceit, vanity, show, Pass. 32. 3.
for-dyri, n. a 'fore-door,' vestibule, Fms. viii. 14, Orkn. 368 old Ed.
for-dæða, u, f. [for- negative and dáð = an 'evil-doer,' cp. Germ. 'missethat;' the etym. given in Js. (Gl.) is inadmissible; only used as a law term] :-- a witch, sorceress, in the worst sense, N. G. L. i. 70, 342, 351, Ls. 32, Korm. (in a verse), Grett. 108 new Ed.; bölvuð f., accursed witch! Fms. xi. 435. COMPDS: fordæðu-maðr, m. an execrable man, Fms. xi. 432. fordæðu-skapr, m. witchcraft, sorcery, Hom. 86, Bs. ii. 97, N. G. L. i. 182, defined K. Þ. K. 76 :-- objects used for sorcery, N. G. L. i. 351. fordæðu-verk, n. an execrable crime (slaying a man asleep), Vígl. 86 new Ed.
for-dæma, d, to condemn, Germ. verdammen, Rb. 338, K. Á. 224, Bs. ii. 159: eccl., Stj. 151, N. T. passim.
for-dæming, f., esp. eccl. damnation, Germ. verdammung, Stj. 151, Anecd. 28.
for-ellri or foreldri, n., later forellrar, mod. foreldrar, m. pl. (inserting d); masc. foreldrar occurs Nj. 224; forellar (eliding the r), Fms. x. (Ágrip), 410, 413, 418; [Germ. vorältern] :-- forefathers, elders, ancestors, in old writers always in this sense; feðr ok forellri. Stj. 240, Fms. i. 34; úlikir sínu forellri, 195; um þat bregðr mér til forellris míns, vii. 64; enir fyrri forellrar várir, Ó. H. 69; frændr ok forellrar, id.; frænda ok forellra, Fms. i. 33; sumir hans forellrar, viii. 101; faðir ok forellar, x. 418 :-- eccl. predecessors, H. E. i. 512. forellris-menn, m. pl. forefathers, Fms. ix. 334, Fas. i. 351, Stj. 63, 139, Barl. passim. II. in mod. usage, parents, and only in masc. pl. foreldrar; this sense occurs as early as the N. T. (vide feðgin), but is unknown to older writers.
for-eyðsla, u, f. desolation, N. T.
for-faðir, m. a forefather, Stj. 124; chiefly in pl., Edda (pref.), Stj. 128, freq. in mod. use :-- eccl. a predecessor, H. E. i. 514, 655 xxxii. 2.
for-fall, n. a let, hindrance, esp. in pl. as a law phrase, Gþl. 102, H. E. ii. 82: a drawback, Fas. ii. 466. forfalla-laust, n. adj. and adv. = in case that there be no let or hindrance, Jb. 222, Gþl. 13, K. Á. 22, H. E. i. 516: in N. G. L. i. 351 it is used = without legal cause = foráttu-laust. II. sing, a bed-curtain, Edda (Gl.), Ed. Arna-Magn. ii. 494; hann brá upp forfalli, ok sá at þar lá madr, Mag. 1: used as masc. (for-fallinn), El. 24.
for-fágaðr, part. painted, whitewashed, Gr. GREEK, Matth. xxiii. 27.
for-feðgin, n. pl. 'fore-parents,' Stj. 134.
for-fjöl, f. a side-board, Str.
for-flótti, adj. exiled, fugitive, Fms. i. 212, Eg. 284: a landlouper, Stj. 43: flight, Bs. ii. 66; far-flótti, q.v., is not so good a reading.
for-ganga, gékk, [Germ. vergeben], to perish, Ann. 1368, 1412, N. T.
for-ganga, u, f. [A. S. fore-gengd], a 'going before,' help, Hkr. ii. 122. forgöngu-kona, u, f., Mar., Stj. forgöngu-maðr, m. a guide (either man or woman), leader, Hkr. iii. 103, Th. 15.
for-gangr, m. = forganga, Háv. 57. forgangs-maðr, m. a leader, Hkr. i. 274, Fms. i. 299, vii. 138.
for-garðr, m. a 'fore-yard,' the fore-court of a house, Fsm. 2, 3: the metaph. phrase, vera á forgörðum (mod. fara að forgörðum), of stores, to go out of doors, i.e. to be wasted and squandered, Fas. iii. 51.
for-gefins, adv. [Germ. vergebens], in vain, (mod.)
for-gildi, n. an GREEK = Lat. praefatio, a preamble, 625. 90.
for-gildra, að, to lay a trap for, Thom. 159.
for-gipt, f. payment for alimentation, = mod. meðgjöf, Sd. 149, Fms. vi. 298, vii. 112, Fas. ii. 438, Fs. 29, 64. forgiptar-laust, adj. without costs, 655 xx. 4. II. [Germ. vergift], poison, Bb. 3. 68, but in this sense it can scarcely be called an Icel. word.
for-gísl, m. a hostage, Karl. 79.
for-gísla, að, to give as hostage, Karl. 57, O. H. L. 65.
for-góðr, adj. exceeding good, Safn i. 92.
for-grípa, greip, [A. S. forgrípan; Germ. vergreifen], to do amiss.
for-gyltr, part. (Germ. word), gilded, Vm. 21, 39, Pm. 120, Dipl. iii. 4.
for-hagr, adj. skilful in handicraft, Stj. 22.
for-harðnaðr and for-hertr, part. hardened.
for-hellir, m. the fore part of a cave, Sams. 19.
for-herða, t, to harden, the Bible passim, [cp. A. S. for-heard, very hard.] for-herðing, f. hardness of heart, Bible.
for-hleypi, n. a 'fore-leaping,' in the phrase, hafa e-n at forhleypi, or at forhleypis-manni, to use one as a 'fore-leaper,' i.e. as a cat's paw, Nj. 224, Sturl. i. 181.
for-hraustr, adj. exceeding valiant, Lex. Poët.
for-hugsan, f. forethought, Bs. ii. 40, 76. for-hugsaðr, part. musing.
for-hús, n. a porch, Eb. 220, Fms. viii. 360, v.l., H. E. i. 510.
fori, a, m. a bell-wether, Bb. 3. 55; eins og forinn feitr, a ditty.
foringi, a, m., gen. ja, pl. jar, a leader, captain, Fær. 106, Hom. 111, Fs. 57, Vápn. 25, Bs. i. 48, Fms. iv. 147, v. 295; hers-f., liðs-f., a captain of troops; skips-f., a ship's captain.
forka, að, to 'fork' or punt a ship, push it on with a pole, Nj. 273, Fas. ii. 360.
for-kast, n. throwing (hay) before cattle, Ísl. ii. 141.
for-kirkja, u, f. a church-porch, Stj. 562, Sturl. ii. 59.
for-kláraðr, part. (Germ. word), glorified, Rb. 312.
for-kláran, f. transfiguration.
for-klárast, að, dep., in the Icel. N. T. to be transfigured, Mark ix. 1.
for-kostuliga, adv. (-ligr, adj.), very finely, Grett. 154 new Ed.
for-kólfr, m. a 'fore-bolt,' metaph. a head, chief, Al. 127; the reading gjörkólfr in Eb. 86 is prob. false.
FORKR, m. [for. word; Lat. furca], a fork, pole, Landn. 154: a punting pole, Eg. 220, Fms. vii. 195, viii. 337, ix. 24, 257, passim, Ld. 56, it occurs even in a verse of the 10th century in Landn. 3. 14 (if the verse be genuine): a fork to eat with is in Icel. called gaffall, a mod. word borrowed from Germ. gabel, Dan. gaffel.
for-kuðr, f. [kunna], eagerness to learn, curiosity; var mönnum nú f. á skemtan, Ísl. ii. 326; þá hluti er þeim er f. á at vita, Orkn. 100 old Ed., 138 new Ed. reads forvitni: gen. forkunnar- in compds means remarkably, exceedingly; f. margir, Ísl. ii. 226; f. mjök, Orkn. 332; f. vel, Eg. 253, Nj. 230, v.l.; f. væn, Fms. i. 70; f. fagr, Edda 46: with a subst., forkunnar orð, eloquent words, Hom. (St.)
for-kunna, adj. eager to learn; vóru allir f. at heyra orð hans, Clem. 52.
for-kunnliga, adv., prop, remarkably, exceedingly; f. væn, Rb. 404, Joh. 623. 15; f. fríðr, Fms. i. 212; f. fljótr, viii. 382; f. vel, Grett. 154 new Ed.; sverð búit f., Eb. 226; biðja f., to beg ardently, Sks. 616.
for-kunnligr, adj. remarkable, beautiful, Hkr. ii. 73, Fms. x. 319.
for-lag, n. what is 'laid' up: I. esp. in sing, provision for living, a livelihood, Bs. i. 137, Fms. vi. 304; urðu þaðan í frá góð forlög manna, Bs. i: metaph. of marriage, Ísl. ii. 416, 453: fate in store for one = forlög, Lv. 33, Glúm. 333. forlags-eyrir, m. livelihood, Gþl. 259, 442, N. G. L. i. 52: means, Jb. 166. II. in pl. for-lög, n., properly 'fore-law;' hence law or fate, destiny, cp. ör-lög and lög; the word is not very freq. in old writers, and chiefly occurs in Sagas such as Vd., Flóam. S., in old poetry only in Km. 23, but rare in genuine heathen Sagas; the very word conveys some Christian notion; örlög and sköp are solely heathen, e.g. Hm. 55; this distinction is rightly marked in a ditty of Pal Vídalín -- forlög koma ofan að | örlög kringum sveima | álögin úr ymsum stað | en ólög fæðast heima; in mod. usage forlög is current, but orlög, sköp, obsolete; þetta mun vera forlög hennar, Glúm. 333; Hákon kvaðsk þá heyra vilja forlög sin, ... ef þú vilt vita forlög þín, Orkn. 140, Fs. 19; úhægt mun forlögin at flýja, 20; eigi mundi tjóa at brjótask við forlögunum, id.; ok mætti þit njóta lengri forlaga, that ye might enjoy a longer life, 84; honum var annarra forlaga auðit, 6; verðr hverr eptir sínum forlögum at leita, 11; torsótt er at forðask forlögin, 24; forlög ekki forðumst ill | fram kemr það hamingjan vill, Úlf. 3. 69; má vera at hér sé hennar forlög (destiny), Fs.
for-lagðr, part. done with, forlorn, Þorst. St. 51.
for-lát, n. forgiveness, Karl. 552, Pass. 31. 16.
for-láta, lét, to forgive, with dat. II. to forsake, [A. S. forlætan], with acc., N. T., Pass.
for-leiga, u, f. rent paid in advance, N. G. L. i. 241.
for-leistr, m. the fore part of a sock, N. G. L. iii.
for-lendi, n. 'fore-land,' the land between sea and hills, Finnb. 242, Bs. ii. 25, Orkn. 324; now undir-lendi.
for-liði, a, m. a leader, Nj. 192, v.l., = fyrir-liði.
for-liga, adv. vehemently; f. reiðr, Thom. 204; vide forr.
for-líkan, f. reconciliation (the Gr. GREEK), Rom. v. 11.
for-líkast, að, dep. [cp. Germ. vergleichen], to come to terms, Sturl. iii. 232: in mod. Icel. law, in all but criminal cases, the litigants have to appear (in person or by delegates) before two or more 'peace-makers' or umpires called forlíkunar-menn, -- usually the parson and one or more of the chief men of the parish; the office of the peace-makers is to try to bring about a friendly settlement called forlíkan, and this meeting is often repeated; only after a forlíkan has been tried in vain, can the case be taken before a law-court; by this judicious proceeding more than half the quarrels are nipped in the bud; there seems to be nothing like this in the old law, and the custom was probably borrowed from Denmark. There is a saying, 'a lean forlíkan is better than a fat lawsuit.'
for-lítill, adj. exceeding small, Mar. 195.
for-ljótr, adj. exceeding ugly, Bs. i. 802.
for-lýta, tt, to blame, Fms. viii. 4.