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Ólafr konungr lét setja Mikla-gildi í Níðarósi, ok mörg önnur í kaupstöðum,
en áðr vóru hvirfings-drykkjur (but before there were drinking-bouts),
Fms. vi. 440: the guilds were secular brotherhoods or trades'
unions (and often became political clubs); they assumed the names of
saints or sacred things, as Kross-g., Cross-guild; Ólafs-g., St. Olave's
guild (in Norway); Knuts-g., St. Canute's guild (in Denmark), and so
on: in Icel. this sense rarely occurs, mælti at einhverr vildis-manna ætti
at hefja gildit, Sturl. i. 20; ok var gildit at Ólafs messu hvert sumar, 23;
cp. also gildis-fundr, m. a guild-meeting, mentioned in Sturl. i. 58;
and gildis-bændr, m. pl. guild-franklins, guild-brothers, 23, (about the
middle of the 12th century); but guilds never took root in Icel.:
gildis-skáli, a, m. a guild-hall, Fms. viii. 160, ix. 22, D.N. passim:
gildis-tíð, n. a guild-term, Fms. viii. 151.
gildingr, m. a thing rated at its full worth, fully measured, Grág. ii.
357, 380: pride, pretension, án gildings, 655 xxvii. 2.
gildir, m., in poetry a payer, contributor, Lex. Poët.: a feaster, poët.
the wolf that feasts in blood: a guild-brother, öld Ólafs gilda (gen. pl.),
the host of St. Olave's guild-brothers, Geisli 10; Hropts gildar, the champions
of Odin, Hd.
gild-leiki, a, m. strength, full size, Grett. 148: mod. stoutness.
gild-liga, adv. stoutly, metaph. with a grand air, Korm. 60.
gildna, að, to become stout.
GILDR, adj., neut. gilt, [cp. gildi, gjalda; Swed., Dan., and Norse
gild] :-- of full worth, full: 1. a trade term, of full measure, size,
quality, and the like; gillt fé, Grág. i. 503; gildr skal tréskjöldr, ef,
Gþl. 105, cp. 104; bolöxar gildar, N.G.L. i. 126; þeim manni er bæði
hefir gildar (full-measured) álnar ok faðma, Grág. ii. 262; gild dagleið,
Bs. ii. 2. valued at, with dat., gildr tveim mörkum, Grág. ii. 86;
g. átta aurum, id.; svá gildr, id.; hversu þau sár eru gild, at how much
those wounds are rated, N.G.L. i. 172; tví-gildr, hálf-g., al-g., of double,
half, full worth. II. metaph. complete, absolute, great; g. konungr,
Fms. ix. 69; g. höfðingi, xi. 18; gild húsfreyja, Glúm. 349; gildr maðr,
Eg. 182; flestir enir gildari menn (honoratiores), Ld. 106; Hallfreyðr var
þá sem gildastr, H. was then at his best, Fs. 100; á gildasta aldri, id., Stj.
230: so of things, honum var þat gildr þykkr, a great shock, Ísl. ii. 321;
með gildum sóma, with great fame, Fms. xi. 18; gild hefnd, Ísl. ii. 116;
gild ferð, a famous journey, Fas. ii. 513. III. in mod. usage,
stout, brawny, cp. Grett. 148; Icel. now say gildr of a man, digr of things;
but in compds, mittis-digr, not mittis-gildr; to use digr and digrask (q.v.)
for gildr and gildna is now thought rude; but in olden times only digr
was used in that sense, e.g. Ólafr Digri, Þorbjörg Digra (a lady); the
passage referred to, Grett. 148, comes near the mod. sense of that word,
but is not to be so understood.
GILDRA, u, f. a trap, Gþl. 445. Niðrst. 3; sem melrakki í gildru,
4; vide knatt-gildra: gildru-merki, n. a trap mark, Gþl. 444: metaph.,
Fms. i. 221, ii. 48, vi. 145, Mar. 506.
gildra, að, to trap, Gþl. 444: metaph. to contrive, g. til e-s, ef maðr
gildrar til þess at vápn skuli sjálf falla á menn, Grág. ii. 117, Fms. ii. 294,
vii. 202; g. til veiða, viii. 63, 80; g. svá til, at..., to contrive so, that...,
Stj. 451, Þiðr. 242, Róm. 257.
gildri, n. the laying a trap, N.G.L. i. 341, 379.
gildri, n. = gildi, [Ulf. gilstr, Róm. xiii. 6; O.H.G. gelstar] , payment,
Grág. Kb. ii. 204.
gilja, að, [Ulf. gailjan = GREEK; Swed. gilja], to beguile a woman,
Grett. 161, Krók. 64 (a pun), Bs. i. 238.
Gilli, a, m. [Gael. gillie = a servant], only in Irish pr. names, Fms., Landn.
gil-maðr, m. a libertine, Blanda.
GIM, n. [in A.S. gim is masc., and so it seems to be used in Vkv. 5;
A.S. gim from Lat. gemma] :-- in poetry a gem, a jewel; the sun is
called fagr-gim, the fair gem; gims gerðr, a lady, Lex. Poët. 2. in
poets metaph. fire, Edda (Gl.): never used in prose.
Gimli, a heavenly abode, sal sá hón standa sólu fegra gulli þakðan
á Gimli, Vsp. 63; it occurs only there, whence it came into Edda 12;
even the gender is uncertain, whether n. or perhaps better dat. of a masc.
gimill = himill = himin, n. heaven.
gim-steinn, m. a 'gem-stone,' a jewel, Edda 147, Greg. 27, Fms. i. 15,
vi. 3, Stj. 191, 254; a name of a poem: gim-steinaðr, part. set with
gems, Karl. 284.
GIN, n. [A.S. gin], the mouth (Germ. rachen) of beasts, Edda 42, Al.
37, Fms. vi. 165; ulfs-gin, Bs. i. (in a verse), passim. COMPDS:
gin-faxi, a, m. a magical character, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446. gin-fjara, u, f. a
very low ebb. gin-kefli, a, m. a mouth-piece, a gag, put in the
mouth of animals, Fas. iii. 314. gin-keyptr, adj., in the phrase, vera
ginkeyptr eptir e-u, to be eager for a thing, prop, open-mouthed as a fish for
bait. gin-klofi, a, m., medic. spasmus cynicus, Fél. gin-ljótr, adj.
with a hideous mouth.
gingi-brauð, n. ginger-bread, H.E. ii. 91.
gin-hafri, a, m. a kind of oats, Edda (Gl.)
ginn, ginnr, or ginnir, m. a juggler, jester, Fms. vi. 295, viii. 307
(in a verse). II. a magical character, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446.
GINN-, or perhaps better gínn-, [cp. A.S. gin or ginn = vast, wide;
it seems however better to derive it from the verb beginnan, Engl. begin,
a word used in all Teutonic languages, except the old Scandinavian
tongue, where it is unknown, unless in this mythological prefix] :-- only
used as a prefix: I. in old mythol. words, great, holy:
ginn-heilög (adj. pl.) goð, the most holy gods, the supreme gods, as opposed to
Asir and Vanir, the lower gods, Vsp. passim: ginn-regin, n. pl. 'magna
numina,' Hm. 143, Haustl. 13, in the same sense as ginnheilög goð in Vsp.;
in Hým. 4 opp. to tívar (dii); in Alm. goð and ginnregin are distinguished,
cp. also Hm. 79: ginnungar, m. pl., seems used in the same sense as
ginnregin, whence Ginnunga-gap, n. chaos, the formless void, in which
abode the supreme powers, before the creation, Edda, Vsp.: later, in the
11th century, the sea between Greenland and America was called Ginnunga-gap,
A.A. 295: Ginnunga-himin, m. of the heavenly vault of
Ginnunga-gap, Edda 5: Ginnunga-vé, n. pl. the holy places of the
Ginnungar, the universe, Haustl. 15: Ginnarr (Ginnir), m., is a name
of Odin, prop. = aetherius, and also used of the eagle, the falcon. II.
in an intensive sense only in poets; ginn-viti, a, m. a large fire, Sighvat;
perhaps also we may read, Vkv. 5, ginn-fasti, a, m. a great fire in a
smithy, for gim fasti.
GINNA, t, to dupe, fool one, Nj. 225, 263, Band. 5, 27, 69, Fms. vi.
205, Edda 36; g. e-t af e-m, Fms. iii. 98; g. e-n at sér, to fall out with
one, Vápn. 7 :-- to intoxicate, lát af at drekka vín, svá at þú gerir þik
ginnta, Stj. 428; ferr þessi maðr í tavernis hús, ok ferr eigi fyrr burt en
hann er ginntr, Mar.; drykkja var þar óstjórnleg, svá at þeir urðu allir
ginntir, Bárð. 26 new Ed.: intoxicating, of liquor, hennar vatn er svá
ginnt ok galit, Stj. 84.
ginning, f. imposture, fraud, Fms. vi. 205, Ld. 322, Stj. 267:
ginningar-fífl, m. a fool, one who runs a fool's errand, Nj. 160;
Gylfa-ginning, the Fooling of Gylfi, a part of the Edda, vide Edda Ub. the
beginning.
ginnungr, m. a juggler, jester, Fs. 87, Edda (Gl.)
GIPT, gift, f. [gefa], a gift, 656 C. 12, Greg. 37, Hom. 62; Heilags
Anda gipt, 625. 30, 655 A. 13. 3: a gift of nature, endowment, Fms. x.
314, Eluc. 27, Edda 144 (pref.): income, N.G.L. i. 345, 347: a wedding,
A.S. gifta, giptar-gáfa, u, f. a wedding gift, D.N.: giptar-jörð, f.
a dowry farm, N.G.L. i. 356: giptar-kveld, n. a wedding eve, cp.
brúðgjöf and bekkiargjöf, N.G.L. i. 356: giptar-mál, n. [Dan. givtermaal],
a marriage, D.N.: giptar-orð, n. marriage, El. 10: giptar-vitni, n.
a wedding witness, N.G.L. i. 356.
gipta, u, f. [A.S. gifeðe = fatum, Beowulf], good luck, Ld. 104, Nj.
17, Fms. vi. 299, Fs. 27, 97, Stj. 198, passim; cp. auðna, hamingja.
COMPDS: giptu-drjúgr, adj. lucky, Fs. 142. giptu-fátt, n. adj.
luckless, Fær. 154. giptu-liga, adv. happily, boding good luck, Fms.
iii. 174, Fas. ii. 429. giptu-ligr, adj. lucky, auspicious, Fms. vi.
9. giptu-maðr, m. a lucky man, Grett. 163, Fms. vi. 274, Fs. 43,
80. giptu-munr, m. the turn of the scale, the crisis of one's luck,
Fas. iii. 312. giptu-ráð, n. a good, auspicious match, Vigl. 23.
giptu-samliga, adv. auspiciously, Fms. i. 214, Sturl. ii. 78.
giptu-samligr, adj. = giptuligr, Fms. x. 31. giptu-skortr, m. bad luck, Fær.
265. giptu-tómr, adj. luckless, Al. 95. giptu-vænligr, adj.
promising good luck, auspicious, of a man, Njarð. 344, Fs. 10. II.
marriage (rare); giptu-mál, n. a marriage, Landn. 110 (v.l. in the
MS. Melabók).
gipta, t, to give a woman in marriage; fyrr skulu grónir
grautar&dash-uncertain;dílarnir á hálsi þér, en ek muna gipta þér systur mína, Eb. 210; gipti
Höskuldr Gró systur sina, Ld. 24, Nj. 17, Eg. 5, Rm. 20, 37, passim.
II. reflex, to marry, of both man and wife; in old writers
the man 'kvángask,' i.e. takes a wife, the woman is 'gipt,' i.e. given away,
Fms. ix. 269, Ld. 128 passim; in the course of time the primitive sense
of the word was lost, and it came to mean to marry: the saying, það
grær áðr en þú giptist, i.e. never mind, it will be healed before thou marriest,
addressed to a boy or girl about to cry for a slight hurt.
gipting, f. marriage, in old writers only of a woman, Js. 63, Fms.
ix. 269. COMPDS: giptingar-dagr, m. a wedding day, Gþl. 221.
giptingar-maðr, m. one who gives away (parent, warder), Gþl. 212, 215,
229. giptingar-orð, n. = gjaforð, marriage, Fms. x. 87.
giptingar-veð, n. wedding-security, i.e. for the dowry, N.G.L. ii. 304.
giptingar-vitni, n. a wedding witness, N.G.L. ii. 305. II. in
mod. usage marriage, applying both to man and wife, passim, and in
many compds.
GIRÐA, ð, mod. t, older form gerða, [Ulf. gairdan = GREEK] :--
to fence, Fms. x. 211, Grett. 168, Grág. ii. 263; cp. gyrða, which means
to tie up, gird.
girði, n. materials for fencing, Jb. 100: wood for making hoops.
girðing, f. fencing, Fms. x. 212: mod. fences.
Girkir, m. pl. the Greeks; Girkland, n. Greece, mod. Grikkir,
Grikkland.
GIRNA, d, [Ulf. gairnjan = GREEK; A.S. girnan; Engl. to yearn],
to desire, in act. used impers., e-n (acc.) girnir til e-s, 655 xxxviii. 11;
cp. fýsa. II. reflex. girnask, to desire (personally), Stj. passim, Sks.
105, 623. 21. Fs. 4: absol., Fms. i. 262, Sks, 152, Band. 3, Bs. 1. 691, v.l.