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VERR -- VESL. 699
spákonu, the husband of a wise woman, Kormak; lirla veri sínum, to sing lullaby for her husband, Fms. vi. 251 (in a verse); vör ok gröm at veri, jealousy for her husband, Ls. 54; frum-ver, one's wedded husband, Skv. 3. 59: in prose used in law phrases or sayings, svá er mörg við ver sinn vær at varla sér hón af honum nær, Skálda (Thórodd); til er hón kemr í vers hvílu, Grág. ii. 183; verr hennar, 89. 2. in plur. verar, men; þar er vágu verar, Ls. 46; firðar ok fírar ok verar heita landvarnar-menn, Edda 107; sleit vargr vera, Vsp.; vápn-dauða vera, Gm. 8, Sdm. 33; þú ert æ vísastr vera, Vþm. 55; vera týr, the lord of men, i.e. Odin, Gm. 3; verr peim vera enginn, none of men can ward them off, Gsp.; megut þeim varða verar, id. 3. in compds; ver-bróðir, ver-faðir, ver-fang, ver-gjarn, ver-lauss, ver-liðar, ver-öld, ver-sæll, ver-úlfr, ver-þjóð, qq.v., of which only veröld is a prose word, all the rest being poetical and obsolete. 4. plur. verjar; skip-verjar, shipmen; suffixed to pr. names of people, mostly of counties or small tribes, Man-verjar, the Manx-men, Fms. vii. (in a verse); Hvin-verjar, Odda-verjar, Gaul-verjar, Dal-verjar, Skarð-verjar, Sturl., Landn.; Vík-verjar, the men of the county Wík in Norway: Róm-verjar, the Romans: in mod. usage, Spán-verjar, the Spanish; Þjóð-verjar, the Germans: this was a freq. usage in old Teut. names, in Lat. rendered by -varii; it remains in the Engl. Cant-er-bury (A.S. Cant-wara) = the burgh of the men of Kent. II. in the inflex. -eri or -ari, see Gramm. p. xxxii, col. i. III. in pr. names, Ver-mundr, Rand-verr. VERR, compar. worse, and verst, superl. worst, answering to ílla; [Ulf. wairs; A.S. wyrs: Engl. worse; Scot. waur; Swed. värr]: líka verst við e-n, Landn. 287; þykki mér þat verst, Eb. 170; hann var einna verst til Gunnars, Nj. 38; þeir hafa verr (behave worse) er trygðum slitu, Mkv.; verr en ílla, worse than bad, i.e. exceedingly bad, Sturl. iii. 31; vánu verr, worse than expected, see ván. verr-feðrungr, m. a person worse than his father, Lv. 78; Leifr strengði þess heit, at vera eigi v., Fs. 121. verri, compar., and superl. verstr; [Ulf. wairiza = GREEK] :-- worse, worst; ok heiti drengr at verri, N.G.L. i. 231, Nj. 68; ekki at verra dreng, Ld. 42; hafa verra af e-u, to have the worse of it; sjaldan vægir inn verri, Stj. 544; at versta kosti, at the worst, at least, N.G.L. i. 101; ef sá er inn bazti, þá er íllr inn versti, if this be the best, then the worst is bad indeed, a saying, Sighvat., and passim: cp. íllr. vers, n. [Lat. versus], a verse; ástráð Catonis, þat er hann réð syni sínum í versum, Skálda (Thorodd) 164; klausur eða vers, 174: of Latin composition, les fyrir oss þat er þú hefir diktað -- Hann las þar af vers er hann hafði gört til Frú Abbadísar á Stað -- Legg af héðan af versagörð, sagði erki-biskup, ok studera heldr í kirkjunnar lögum, Bs. i. 799, 800; kenna sönglist ok versgörð, 239; höfuð-staf þésins rit ek hvergi nema í vers-upphafi, Skálda 168. In mod. usage 'vers' is said of the 'verses' of hymns, but else 'vísa' or 'erindi' (eyrendi), Máriu-vers = Ave Maria, Bs. i. 352. COMPDS: versa-bók, f. a book in verse, poems; þar er Cato með glósa, item níu versabækr aðrar, Vm. 61; versabók þá er heitir Ovidius, Bs. i. 238. versa-graðall, m. a gradual, in a church, Dipl. v. 18. versa-görð, f. verse-making, Latin composition, Skálda; versagörð ok bóka-list, Bs. i. 127. versa, að, to put into verse (Latin), opp. to dikta, of prose composition; framr í klerkdómi at dikta ok versa, Bs. i. 794; Galterus sá er versat hefir sögu þessa, Al. 30 (of the Alexandreis); bæði diktaði hann vel ok versaði, Bs. i. 239. -verskr, adj. [verr, m., 2], in Róm-verskr, Vík-v., Hvin-v., qq.v. versna (sounded and often spelt vesna), að, to 'worsen,' get worse; batna né versna, Grág. i. 206; at henni þykki versna at kyssa þik, Ísl. ii. 369, xi. 139; nú versnar mjök frásögnin, Ld. 274; þá er versnaði með þeim, Rd. 307; er vesnar af annarra orðum, Hom. 53; versnaði hlutr Ulfars, Eb. 154. ver-sæl, adj. f. happy in one's husband, Skv. 3. 54. ver-tíð, f. (see ver = sea), a fishing-season, A.A. 278; vor-vertíð, haust-v., vetrar-v., see Icel. Almanack, 1872, 12th May, 29th Sept., 3rd Feb. (respect.); um vorið viku fyrir vertíðar lok, Bs. ii. 256. ver-vist, f. the right of sending a man into a fishing-place; kirkjan á ok vervist á Sleitu-nausti, Vm. 157. verzla, að, [verð], to trade, freq. in mod. usage. verzlan, f. trade, passim in mod. usage, but hardly used in old writers. ver-þjóð, f. mankind, men, Ls. 24, Darr. 1. veröld, f., gen. veraldar, dat. veröld and veröldu; [from verr = a man, and öld, q.v.; A.S. weorold; Engl. world; Hel. werold; Germ. welt; Swed. wärld; Dan. verden qs. verlden, with the suffixed article] :-- the world, esp. in eccl. sense; til enda veraldar, Rb. 134; víða um veröldina, Fms. xi. 97; í veröldinni, Edda (pref.), K.Á. 132, Sks. 447 B; um veraldir veralda, rendering of per secula seculorum, Sks. 617 B, Niðrst. 8; of allar aldir veralda, sá er ríkir í veröld veralda, Hom. 112, 125; um eptir-komandi veraldir, for ages to come, Stj.: very freq. in mod. eccl. language, as in the Bible, Pass., Vídal.; veraldar auðæfi, ágirni, glys, girnd, worldly riches, desires, Greg. 30, Hom. 14, Fms. v. 217; veraldar válað, veraldar virðing, Greg. 27, Fms. v. 219; veraldar friðr, a world-peace, universal peace, Fagrsk. ch. 128; veraldar glys, góðs, lán, lifnaðr, spekt, starf, sæla, tign, worldly toys, treasures, grants, life, wisdom, business, bliss, glory, Hom. 27, 108, Bs. i. 862, Clem. 23, Sks. 615, MS. 625. 165, Fær. 145, Stj. passim; veraldar ljós, the light of this world, Stj.; veraldar lög, the civil law, H.E. i. 506; veraldar bygð, the world = GREEK, Stj. 464, 643, Rb. 394; veraldar kvikendi, Stj.; veraldar fölk, Magn. 466; veraldar höfðingi, the great ones of the world, K.Á. 46; veraldar maðr, a man of this world, a secular person, layman, Bs. i. 862, H.E., Stj., passim; veraldar-prestr and veraldar klerkr, a secular clerk, a parson, Bs. i. 840, H.E. i. 502, Karl. 275; veraldar ráð, secular authority, 868; veraldar metnaðr, -ríki, worldly rank and power, Greg. 77, Ver. 40, Anecd. 38, Fms. v. 343; veraldar sigr, x. 395; veraldar ríkr, mighty, Mar.; veraldar sjór, the 'world-sea,' the ocean, Stj. 1; veraldar vist, the existence of the world, MS. 1812. 48; veraldar-vitringr, a philosopher (= heimspekingr, q.v.); Phytagoras veraldar vitringr, Stj. 98, 271. vés, n. toil, turmoil, bustle. VESA, vas, vesi, vestu, vask; see vera, to be. vésa, að, [vás], to bustle. vesalingr, m. = veslingr, Hom. 31, Háv. 53, MS. 656 C. 24; hefn þú nú, Dróttinn, eigi má vesalingr minn, Bs. i. 533. VESALL, adj., fem. vesul or vesöl, neut. vesalt. The forms vary, being contracted or uncontracted, veslir, etc., as well as vesalir, etc., whence lastly, vesælir, etc.: α. contr. veslir, veslar, veslum, Al. 57, Th. 6; vesla (acc. pl.), Hom. 109; veslu (gen. fem.), Post. (Unger) 108; veslir, Ó.H. 151, Sks. 681; vesla (gen.), Fms. viii. 242 (vesæla, v.l. of a later vellum); selum ok veslum. β. uncontr. vesala = vesla, Fms. ii. 46; vesala, Post. (Unger) 18 (vesæla, v.l.); vesalir, Al. 96, l. 18; this regular declension is still in full use in Icel. speech, only not contracted, e.g. vesall, vesalingr, vesalir (not veslir); vesæla, Fas. i. 49 (paper MS.): so also in the compar. either vesalli, Greg. 37, Sd. 188; vesalla, 656 C. 34; vesalstr, Kormak, Bjarn. (in a verse); but veslari, Barl. 23 (vesalli, v.l.) Ves is the root, -all the inflexive syllable; the form vesæll is a later form, from a false etymology, as if from vé- privative, and sæll, happy. The origin of vesall is dubious, the radical s is against a derivation from the compar. verri, Goth. wairiza; and the short vowel is against deriving it from vás, vés, q.v. The true etymology, we believe, is that vesall stands for 'usall,' being derived from the prep. ur, or-, in its ancient form us; Goth. us-; Icel. ur-, ör-; this etymology is confirmed by form and sense alike; the old phrases, alls vesall (omnium expers), vesall eigu (proprii expers), were originally alliterative phrases; in Hm. 22, 69, vesall is made to alliterate with a vowel (vesall maðr ok ílla skapi ... erat maðr alls vesall þótt hann sé ílla heill); usall is actually found written in Nj. (Lat.) 264, v.l.; the change of us into ves may be illustrated by the case of várr (q.v.); it is the opposite to that vocalisation of v which so frequently takes place. As to sense, vesall originally meant bereft, destitute of, = Lat. expers; and is followed by a genitive: [the Dan. form is usel, less right ussel.] B. Usages: I. with gen. bereft of; mæl þú alls vesall, Nj. 124, v.l.; ok em ek vesall eigu, bereft of my own, Háv. 42 new Ed.; mæl þú alls usall, Nj. (Lat.) 264, v.l. (but allz vesall the other vellums): wretched in respect to, vesall þóttisk þóttisk hann sinnar úgæfu, Hom. 121; vesall vígs, Am. 58; vesall ertú halds, Dropl. 30; vesöl eru vér konungs, Fms. vi. 322. II. poor, destitute, wretched; þú vesall, Ls. 40, 42; mér vesalli, Stj. 523; bað hana aldri þrífask svá vesul sem hón var, Nj. 194; vesöl vættr, Hom. 150; veslir menn, poor wretches, Ó.H., l.c.; veslir menn ok vitlausir, Barl. 25; aumhjartaðr við alla vesla menn, Hom. 109; þat er veslum til vilnaðar, Al. 57; sú önd er enn vesalli, Greg. 37; þykki mér því betr sem þú görir hana vesalli, Sd. 188; sú önd er vesöl, ... enn vesalli (still more wretched), er ..., Greg. 37; vei verði mér veslum, Th. 6; sælum ok veslum, Ó.H. 126, Mork. 216; vesælum, Fms. vii. 220, l.c.; sá veit ekki sér vesalla, 656 C. 34, and passim, see A above. III. as a nickname; inn vesæli (= vesli), Fms. vi. 16, 17. vesal-látr, adj. shabby, Fas. iii. 122. vesal-liga, adv. miserably; láta v., Lv. 58; deyja v., Clem. 39. vesal-ligr, adj. wretched-looking, Finnb. 280, Háv. 40 new Ed.; lítill vexti ok vesalligr, Fb. i. 540; sakir vesalligra synda, Stj. 51. vesal-mannligr, adj. wretched, of a person, Háv. 53; vesalmannligt verk, Grett. 91 A. vesal-menni, n. a miserable person, Boll. 352, Fas. ii. 247, Grett. vesal-mennska, u, f. penury, shabbiness, Grett. 155 A. vesask, að, to murmur; göra einn vesaðan, to make unhappy, Fas. i. 502; Austmenn vesuðusk ílla (the Easterlings were wretched and uncomfortable) er þeirra þyrfti at bíða ef byrr kæmi á, Þorst. hv. 40. veski or vezki, n. [Dan. vædske, qs. vað-skinn(?)], a bag, knapsack; klyfjar á ok ostar í veskjum, Lv. 58; freq. in mod. usage, of a pouch; bréfa-veski, a letter-bag. vé-sköp, n. pl. holy ordinances, Vsp. 64. VESL, n. [from verja = Goth. wasjan; cp. Lat. vestis], a kind of cloak; vesl blátt yfir sér, Fms. vii. 2O (vetzl Cod. A); vesl gott eðr slagning, Fms. i. 78; hann hafði vesl yfir sér tvískipt, svart ok hvítt, Rd. 309 (Glúm. 361); vesl hafði einn yfir sér ok slæður, Fs. 51.