g_ - 0070.htm

6o Phonology [§134

read, OS. rod, OHG. rot, prim, form *rouđhos, cp. Skr. rudhirás, Gr. «'•ρυθρόϊ, prim, form *ruđhros, red; Goth. OE. guma, O.Icel. gume, OS. OHG. gumo, Lat. homo, prim. stem-form*ghomon-, -en-, man; OE. gōs, O.Icel. gas, OHG. gans, Gr. χή»·,goose; OE. OS. OHG. wegan, Goth, ga-wigan, O.Icel. vega, to move, carry, Lat. vehō, prim, form *weghō, / carry; Goth, gasts, OE. gie.it, O.Icel. gestr, OS. OHG. gast, guest, Lat. hostis, stranger, enemy, prim, form *ghostis; Goth, steigan, O.Icel. stīga, OE. OS. OHG. stīgan, to ascend, Gr. στείχω, prim, form *steighō, / go, cp. Lat. vestigium, footstep.

NOT_E.—g was dropped in the initial combination gw=Ihdg. gh, as Goth, warmjan, to warm,OE. wearm,OS. OHG. warm, warm, Skr. gharmás, Gk. θερμ,όϊ, Lat. formus, warm.

§ 184. From the examples given in §§ 128-33, it will be seen that the Germanic sounds, which arose from the Indg. velars, appear partly with and partly without labialization. In the latter case they fell together with prim. Germ, χ, k, g from Indg. k, g, gh, cp. e. g. Goth, hafjan (q), kalds (g), gasts (gh), beside Goth, hund (k), kniu (g), guma (gh). The conditions for this twofold development of the Indg. velars in the Germanic languages havenotyet been definitely ascertained for all cases. It is, however, now pretty certain that the parent Indg. language contained two series of velars: (i) Pure velars which never had labialization. These velars fell together with the palatals in the Germanic, Greek, Latin, and Keltic languages, but were kept apart in the Aryan and Baltic-Slavonic languages. (2) Velars with labialization. These velars appear in the Germanic languages partly with and partly without labialization; in the latter case they also fell together with prim. Germ, χ, k, g which arose from Indg. k, g, gh. The most commonly accepted theory is that the Indg. labialized velars q, g, gh regularly became χ, k, 5 in prim. Germ, before Indg. fi, ō, ο (=Germ. a § 89), and χντ, kw, gw before Indg. ē, ī, a,



		6o Phonology [§134 read, OS. rod, OHG. rot, prim, form rouđhos, cp. Skr. rudhirás, Gr. «'•ρυθρόϊ, prim, form ruđhros, red; Goth. OE. guma, O.Icel. gume, OS. OHG. gumo, Lat. homo, prim. stem-formghomon-, -en-, man;* OE. gōs, O.Icel. gas, OHG. gans, Gr. χή»·,goose; OE. OS. OHG. wegan, Goth, ga-wigan, O.Icel. vega, to move, carry, Lat. vehō, prim, form weghō, / carry;* Goth, gasts, OE. gie.it, O.Icel. gestr, OS. OHG. gast, guest, Lat. hostis, stranger, enemy, prim, form ghostis; Goth, steigan, O.Icel. stīga, OE. OS. OHG. stīgan, to ascend,* Gr. στείχω, prim, form steighō, / go,* cp. Lat. vestigium, footstep. NOT_E.—g was dropped in the initial combination gw=Ihdg. gh, as Goth, warmjan, to warm,OE. wearm,OS. OHG. warm, warm, Skr. gharmás, Gk. θερμ,όϊ, Lat. formus, warm. § 184. From the examples given in §§ 128-33, it will be seen that the Germanic sounds, which arose from the Indg. velars, appear partly with and partly without labialization. In the latter case they fell together with prim. Germ, χ, k, g from Indg. k, g, gh, cp. e. g. Goth, hafjan (q), kalds (g), gasts (gh), beside Goth, hund (k), kniu (g), guma (gh). The conditions for this twofold development of the Indg. velars in the Germanic languages havenotyet been definitely ascertained for all cases. It is, however, now pretty certain that the parent Indg. language contained two series of velars: (i) Pure velars which never had labialization. These velars fell together with the palatals in the Germanic, Greek, Latin, and Keltic languages, but were kept apart in the Aryan and Baltic-Slavonic languages. (2) Velars with labialization. These velars appear in the Germanic languages partly with and partly without labialization; in the latter case they also fell together with prim. Germ, χ, k, g which arose from Indg. k, g, gh. The most commonly accepted theory is that the Indg. labialized velars q, g, gh regularly became χ, k, 5 in prim. Germ, before Indg. fi, ō, ο (=Germ. a § 89), and χντ, kw, gw before Indg. ē, ī, a,