§ 4*8] Genitive and Dative Cases 185 ruizuh, day by day; nahts, by night; uslelþam jáinls stađis, let us pass over to the other side; insanđiđa ina háiþjōs seináizōs, he sent him into his field. The following adverbs of place govern the gen. when used preposition-ally:—hindana, from behind, beyond; innana.,from within, within; ūtana (ūtaþrō), from without, out of; ufarō (also the dat.), over, above. Amongst other examples of the use of the gen. may be mentioned: in Saraípta Seiđōnáis, unto Sarepla (a city) ofSidon; Tyre jah Seidōnē land, the land of the Tyrians and Sidonians = Tyre and Sidon ; gaggi)> sums mannē fram þis faúramaþleis synagōgeis, there comelh a certain man from (the house) of the ruler of the synagogue; gasalv lakōbu þana Zaíbaídaiáus, he saw James the (son) of Zebedee; ludan (ace.) lakōbáus, Judas (the brother) of James; was auk jērē twalibē, for she was (of the age) of twelve years. § 428. Dative. The following verbs and several others take a direct object in the dative case: afwaírpan, to cast away, put away; andhafjan, to answer; baírgan, to keep, preserve; balwjan, to torment; frabugjan, to sell; fra-liusan, to lose; fraqiman, to spend, consume; fraþjan, to understand; frakunnan, to despise; gáumjan, to perceive; iđweitjan, to upbraid; kukjan, to kiss; tēkan, attēkan, to touch ; ufarmunnōn, to forget. The verbs fraqistjan, usqistjan, and usqiman, to destroy; waírpan, to cast; uswaírpan and usdreiban, to cast out, sometimes take the dative and sometimes the accusative without a distinction in meaning, A few other verbs take the dative or accusative with a change of meaning, as anaháitan, with dat. to scold, with ace. to invoke; uskiusan, with dat. to reject, with ace. to prove, test. Many adjectives take a dative, as aglus, difficult; and a- nelþa, hostile; ansteigs, gracious; azētizō, easier; brūks, useful; gōþs, good; hulþs, gracious ; kunþs, known ; liufs,