This is page 766 of An Icelandic-English Dictionary by Cleasby/Vigfusson (1874)

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766 ÖRVARBOÐ -- ÖRK.

eða maðr stefni honum þing, 42: also of a warrant (cp. Germ. steck-brief), summoning a person to appear; the law phrases are, leggja örvar á e-n, to lay an arrow upon, i.e. to summon by a warrant; fylgja örum, to follow the arrow, i.e. to answer a summons; sá skal örum fylgja er fyrstr var á lagðr, N.G.L. i. 60; örvar þrjár ... ein ör at dauðum manni, önnur at sárum ..., allir skulu þeir örvar bera en engi fella, ... sá skal örum fylgja er á eru lagðar ... nú ef örvar taka hann ok sækir eigi þing, þá berr hann á baki sök, 270. II. in poët, compds, ör-bragð, ör-drif, ör-veðr, = a shower of shafts; ör-sæti = a shield; ör-rjóðr, ör-slöngvir, = a warrior.

B. COMPDS: örvar-boð, n. an 'arrow-summons,' 'arrow-message,' a message or summons by an arrow, Fms. i. 209. örva-drífa, u, f. an 'arrow-drift,' shower of arrows, Fms. viii. 222. örva-flug, n. a flight of arrows, Fms. iii. 32. örvar-húnn, m. the tip of an arrow, N.G.L. i. 59. örva-malr, m. a quiver, Fas. ii. 541, Al. 121; usually called örva-mælir, m., Fms. iii. 223. örvar-oddr, m. an arrow-point. Fms. vii. 142, Gþl. 460: a nickname = Odd the archer, Fas. ii. örvar-skapt, n. an arrow-shaft, Fas. iii. 331. örvar-skot = örskot, Grág. i. 123. örvar-skurðr, m. an 'arrow-cutting,' i.e. despatching an arrow-message, Fms. x. 412, Gþl. 81. örvar-þing, n. an assembly summoned by an arrow, an extraordinary meeting called together on an emergency, Ó.H. 139, Fms. ii. 104, Gþl. 152.

ÖR- (i.e. ør-), a prefixed particle, altered from us-; the s remains in usall = vesall, see p. 699, col. 2; also spelt er-, er-vita, Hkv.; or eyr-, eyr-grynni, Ó.H. 106; evr-lygi, Eg. (in a verse): [Ulf. us-; O.H.G. ur-; when uncompounded, see ór, mod. úr, p. 472; as a prefix to nouns, ör- or ör-, for which see p. 469, col. 2. Indeed, there is a strong probability that the negative prefix ó- is a contraction, not of un-, but of or-, so that ó-bættr is from or-bættr, ó-verðr from or-verðr, by agglutination of r, whereby the vowel becomes long (as the O.H.G. prefix ar- in A.S. appears â-): this would account for the fact, that in the very oldest and best vellums there is hardly a single instance of ú- for ó-, and this is the sole modern form not only all over Iceland, but also in most popular idioms of Norway and Sweden; a farther proof is that in many words or-, the ancient form, is preserved in a few vellums, especially of the Norse laws, in such rare forms as ör-sekr, ör-bætiligr, ör-vænt, and ó-vænt, where the current form is ó-sekr, etc.; so also, ör-keypis and ó-keypis, ör-grynni and ó-grynni, ör-hóf and ó-hóf. Therefore or-, not un-, is, we believe, the phonetical parent of the later Scandinavian negative prefix ó-. The extensive use of ör- and the utter absence of ú- or un- may be explained by the supposition that, for the sake of uniformity, all words beginning with ör- and un- gradually took the same form; for though in ancient days ör- was more extensively used than it is at present, it can hardly have been the sole form in all words now beginning with ó-] :-- ör- is used as denoting a negative, as ör-grynni, a being bottomless; or lack or loss of, as ör-sekr, out of being sekr; ör-verðr. 2. special usages are, what is of yore, as in ör-lög (cp. Germ. ur-, as in ur-theil, Engl. or-deal), ör-nefni, ör-gelmir, ör-vasi. 3. in mod. usage ör- is prefixed to adjectives, = utterly, but only in instances denoting 'smallness,' or something negative, e.g. ör-grannr, ör-stuttr, ör-skammr, ör-grunnr, ör-mjör, ör-fátækr, ör-snauðr, ör-eyða, ör-taka, ör-reyta, qq.v.

ör-birgð, f. = Lat. inopia, lack of means, destitution.

ör-birgr, adj. destitute.

ör-bjarga, adj. helpless, Bs. i. 873.

ör-boð, n. = örvarboð, an arrow-summons, Hkr. i. 250.

ör-boða, u, f. the name of a giantess, Hdl., Edda.

ör-bætiligr, adj. [cp. orbotamal = óbótamal, Schlyter], irreparable, Stj. 8, l. 1; whence mod. ó-bætil.

ÖRÐ, f., gen. arðar, [erja, arði], a crop, produce; örð sér (sows) Yrsu burðar, the crop of the son of Yrsa, i.e. gold, Edda (in a verse); þá á leiguliði einnar arðar mála, ... þá á leiguliði tvegeja mála atða, þá örð (not jörð) eina er lands-dróttinn andask á ok aðra næstu eptir, N.G.L. i. 233, Gþl. 329; þat eru þrjár arðir, 314; nú verðr maðr útlagr á jörðu manns. þá skal hann leigu hafa ef úreidd var, ok örð alla rótfasta, N.G.L. i. 40. COMPDS: arðar leiga, u, f. rent for one year's crop, Gpl. 330. arðar-máli, a, m. (and -mál, n.), a contract, agreement for one year, Gþl. 314, 329, 336.

ör-deyða, u, f. utter death, a fishing term used when fish will not bite; komi þá enginn kolmúligr úr kafi, þá mun ördeyða á öllu Norðr-hafi, Ísl. Þjóðs.

örðga, að, [örðigr], to raise, lift up, erect; Drottinn örðgar upp bundna, ok leysir fjötraða, 655 xiii. A. 3; konungr leit yfir lýðinn, örðgaði augum, lifting the eyes, with the notion of a fierce look, Fms. vii. 156 (aurgaði v.l., arþgaði, Mork. 190, l.c.); örðgask upp sem leo, to rise to one's feet like a lion, Stj. 337.

ÖRÐIGR or örðugr, adj. [Lat. arduus, but not borrowed from that word] :-- erect, upright, rising on end, breasting; ríss hestrinn örðigr (rears) undir honum. Fms. xi. 280; selrinn ríss upp örðigr, Bs. i. 335; liggja örðigr við hægindit í sænginni, to lie leaning high against the pillow in the bed, Bs. ii. 320; reisa kistuna örðiga til hálfs, Pr. 413; Höskuldr sneri at Odda örðigum, H. turned breasting O. boldly, Lv. 82; Bersi ferr örðigr ok leggsk hart, B. rose to breast the waves bravely, of a swimmer, Korm. 116: of a ship cutting the waves, Edda (in a verse): of a steep brink, örðugt upp á-móti, hard to breast. II. metaph. difficult, arduous; en örðgu boðorð laginna, Greg. 9; hitt mun mér örðgara (örðigra, Fb. l.c.) þykkja, at lúta til Selþóris, Ó.H. 112: very freq. in mod. usage, það er örðugt. 2. harsh; sumt þykkir heldr örðigt í orðum konungs, Fms. vii. 221. 3. stalwart, brisk; örðigr ok sterkr, Mar.; orðigr ok allra manna bezt vígr, Fs. 129. 4. a nickname, Ása hin örðiga, Gullþ.

örðig-skeggi or örðum-skeggi, a nickname (cp. bratt-skeggr), Landn., Nj.

ör-drag, n. an arrow-shot, range, of distance; þrjú ördrög, Flóv. 40; látum milli ördrag eða lengra, Fms. viii. 382, Grág. ii. 19.

örðug-leiki, a, m. a difficulty.

ör-eiða, adj. the forsworn(?) a nickname, Sturl., Ann.

ör-eigð, f. utter poverty, destitution, Fms. vi. 60, Hom. (St.); ef þau æxla fé ór öreigð, Grág. i. 335.

ör-eigi and ör-eiga, adj. also used as a noun, want, destitution. 2. 'out of owning,' poor, destitute, Al. 5; ef sá maðr er ö. er þá kirkju á, N.G.L. i. 388; ef sá maðr andask er öreigi er, ok er engi maðr skyldr at gjalda skuldir hans, Grág. i. 408; öreigi ok féþurfi, Fms. ii. 80; ef þeir menn eru á skipinu er búa ómegðar-búi, ok sé menn öreiga, K.Þ.K. 90; tólf aura öreiga-mund, N.G.L. i. 27, 54, see mundr.

ör-eign, f. = öreigð, Stj. 156, Hsm. 13. 3.

ör-endi, n. an errand, message; see eyrendi. II. loss of breath; er hann þraut eyrendit ... sem honum vannsk til eyrendi, Edda 32; þá var þrotið ørendi hans, his breath was gone, of a person drowning under water, Bs. i. 335: see eyrendi 4.

örend-laust, örend-reki, see eyrendlaust, eyrendreki.

ör-endr, also spelt eyrendr, erendr, adj. = Lat. exanimis, 'out of breath' i.e. dead, having breathed one's last; hón hné í fang bonda sínum ok var þá eyrend. Ísl. ii. 275; steypir honum örendum til jarðar, Al. 38; þrælar konungs vildu draga klæði af Sigurði, var hann eigi eyrindr, Fms. vii. 298; Þorleifr var eigi eyrendr, Fb. i. 414; drepa hann, ok var hann erendr er þeir Hlenni kómu, Glúm. 370; feilr konungrinn þegar á jörð niðr örendr, Fms. xi. 64; fann þá báða örenda, Landn. 235; örendr af sárum, 287; kómu þá upp hjá honum menninir flestir allir örendir, Bs. i. 355; vóiu þeir þá fallnir en ekki erendir, Fbr. 6l, 62 new Ed.

ör-eyða, u, f. to make desolate.

ör-fátækr, adj. utterly poor, = öreigi, freq. in mod. usage.

ör-ferð, f. doom, fate, = örlög; þeirra örnefni eða örferðir vitum vér eigi, Fms. x. 397 (Ágrip).

örfi or örvi, f. [örr, adj.], liberality; ágætr af örfi sinni ok atgervi, Þórð. (1860) 95.

ör-firi, n., or ör-fjara, u, f. an out-going, ebbing: Örfiris-ey is the pr. name for islands which, at low-water, are joined to the mainland by a reef which is covered at high-water; one such island is near Reykjavik; another at Skard in western Iceland, now called Öffirs-ey; so also Ör-fjara, u, f. = the island Orfir in the Orkneys, Orkn. 182.

örfuni, a, m. [A.S. yrfa], a bull, head of cattle, Edda (Gl.)

ör-fyrndr, part. quite worn out, dilapidated, H.E. i. 489.

örga, að, = örðga (q.v.), Hkr. 687 new Ed.; hence prob. per metathesis the mod. ögra, q.v.

ör-gáti, a, m. cheer, fare (see aurgáti), Fms. xi. 341, Mar.

ör-gelmir, m. the name of an old giant (cp. Germ. ur-alt), Vþm., Edda.

ör-glasir, m. a mythical name, Fsm.

örglask, að, qs. örðglast, [örðigr], to rise to one's feet (= örðgast), Fms. iv. 58, Fas. ii. 331, iii. 574, Fb. i. 543, Karl. 191.

ör-goði, a, m. a nickname, Landn.

ör-grandari (urgrandari), m. the desolator, Runic stone.

ör-grannr, adj. very slim; örgrant, quite small, minute; in the saying, örgranns eru vér lengst á leit, looking for a small thing takes the longest time, cp. Engl. proverbial phrase 'to look for a needle in a bottle of hay,' Mkv.

ör-grimnir, m. the name of a giant, Edda.

ör-grunnr, adj. quite shallow.

ör-grynni, n. a countless multitude; örgrynni vista, Ó.H. 187; ö. fjár, Hom. 111 (ógrynni, Ó.H. 241, l.c.); ö. sauðfjár, Eg. 741; ö. liðs, O.H.L. 23, 49; eyrgrynni liðs, Ó.H. . 106.

ör-hilpr, adj. helpless, Barl. 100.

ör-hjarta, adj. out of heart, having lost heart, Hom. (St.), Fas. ii. (in a verse).

ör-hjartaðr, part. = örhjarta, Fas. ii. (in a verse).

ör-hóf, ör-hæfi, see öróf, öræfi; hann hefir örhóf manna, Mork. 173.

ör-ísa, adj. free from ice, opp. to ice-bound.

ÖRK, f., gen. arkar and erkr, pl. arkir; [A.S. earc, arc; Engl. and Dan. ark]:-- an ark, chest; örk ein mikil ok fornlig stóð í elda-húsinu, ... örkina, ... örkinni, Fær. 186, Eb. ch. 50; örku-fótr, Ó.H. 152; gengr Vígdís inn til erkr þeirrar er Þórðr átti, Ld. 48. 2. a sarcophagus,